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Reconstruction
Unit 11 Reconstruction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the historical term for a point of view taken to the extreme, often involving stereotypes or unfair beliefs? | Bias |
| According to the 13th Amendment, under what specific condition is 'involuntary servitude' still permitted? | As a punishment for a crime. |
| Which amendment granted citizenship to all people born in the United States, including former slaves? | The 14th Amendment |
| The 15th Amendment protected the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude for which group? | African American men |
| Define the labor system known as 'sharecropping.' | A system where a landowner rents land to a tenant in exchange for a portion of the crops grown. |
| What was the 'Convict Leasing' system? | A system where the government rented out prisoners to corporations for free labor. |
| What was the primary purpose of the 'Black Codes' passed between 1865 and 1866? | To control Black populations and restrict their freedom to move, work independently, or participate as citizens. |
| Southern states used _____ and _____ to circumvent the 15th Amendment and prevent African Americans from voting. | Poll taxes; literacy tests |
| Under Lincoln's 10% Plan, what percentage of a state's voters had to take a loyalty oath for the state to return to the Union? | Ten percent |
| How did Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan differ from Lincoln's regarding Confederate leaders? | Johnson offered a pardon to all white Southerners except Confederate leaders and wealthy planters. |
| What was the main objective of the Freedmen's Bureau? | To help freed people transition from slavery by providing food, clothing, schools, and help with labor contracts. |
| Which 1866 act declared formerly enslaved people to be citizens with equal protection under the law? | The Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
| The Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into how many military districts? | Five |
| What was the purpose of the Tenure of Office Act? | To prevent President Johnson from firing certain government officials without the Senate's permission. |
| Define 'Impeachment' as it applies to an elected official. | The process of bringing formal charges of misconduct against an official, which does not necessarily mean removal from office. |
| Which Union General was elected President in 1868? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Who founded the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)? | Nathan Bedford Forrest |
| What was the goal of the Enforcement Acts (1870 and 1871)? | To protect African Americans' rights to vote, hold office, and serve on juries. |
| How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change the political landscape of the South? | It allowed most former Confederates to vote again, leading to more Democrats returning to political office. |
| Which 1896 Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine? | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| What was the 'Compromise of 1877'? | An agreement where Democrats allowed Hayes to win the presidency in exchange for the removal of federal troops from the South. |
| How did the 1876 Supreme Court ruling on the Enforcement Acts impact African Americans? | It ruled the acts unconstitutional, leaving the protection of African Americans' rights solely to the individual Southern states. |
| What were 'Jim Crow' laws? | Laws that enforced racial segregation in public spaces after Reconstruction ended. |
| In the context of the 'Slavery by Another Name' source, what were 'Pig Laws'? | Laws that enhanced penalties for misdemeanors (like stealing a pig) to felonies to increase the convict labor pool. |
| Define 'Vagrancy' laws in the post-Civil War South. | Laws that allowed for the arrest of individuals who could not prove they were currently employed. |
| What is 'Debt Peonage'? | A system where a person is forced to work for a creditor to pay off a debt, often used corruptly to keep Black workers in servitude. |
| Who was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress? | Hiram Revels |
| What was the nickname given to Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction, often to seek economic gain? | Carpetbaggers |
| What did the term 'Scalawag' refer to during Reconstruction? | Southern whites who collaborated with Northern Republicans for profit or political influence. |
| The holiday celebrating June 19, 1865, the day slavery was effectively abolished in Texas, is known as _____. | Juneteenth |
| Who were the 'Exodusters'? | African Americans who migrated from the Mississippi River area to Kansas after the Civil War. |
| What was the significance of the Panic of 1873 regarding Reconstruction? | The resulting economic depression diverted the nation's focus and resources away from Reconstruction efforts. |
| The term 'Home Rule' referred to the Southern states' ability to _____ after federal troops were withdrawn. | Control their own laws and the upholding of civil rights without federal interference |
| Which Senator was a leading figure of the Radical Republicans who fought for African American rights? | Charles Sumner |
| What was the 'Command of the Army Act' designed to do? | Force President Johnson to issue all military orders through the General of the Army rather than directly to troops. |
| Describe the 'Wade-Davis Bill' that was proposed but never passed. | A plan requiring a majority of a state's Confederate voters to pledge loyalty before readmission to the Union. |
| What was the outcome of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial? | He was impeached by the House but escaped removal from office by the Senate by just one vote. |
| Which 1875 act granted equal rights to public transportation and accommodations, though it was largely unenforced? | The Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
| How did the 1960s Louisiana Literacy Test design ensure failure for many test-takers? | It featured intentionally confusing instructions and a 'one wrong answer denotes failure' rule. |
| Who was Robert Smalls? | An enslaved man who escaped by sailing a Confederate ship to freedom and was later elected to the U.S. Congress. |
| The _____ Singers were a group of African American students who toured to raise money for their university after the war. | Fisk Jubilee |
| According to the 'Slavery by Another Name' source, why was convict leasing preferred by mine owners over free labor? | Owners could work convicts harder without fear of labor disputes and had no financial concern if a convict died. |
| What was the 'exception clause' in the 13th Amendment often called by historians critical of the post-war South? | Slavery by another name |
| Which organization was founded by W.E.B. DuBois to fight for anti-lynching laws and labor reform? | The NAACP |
| In the 1882 Sharecropping Contract, what was the penalty if a sharecropper did not follow all the conditions? | Their share of the crop was reduced from one-half to two-fifths. |
| What were 'Chain Gangs'? | Groups of prisoners chained together to perform hard labor under poor conditions. |
| Which President finally issued an order to enforce the 13th Amendment and prosecute peonage cases as WWII began? | Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) |
| The 1848 escape attempt of 77 enslaved people from Washington D.C. on a schooner is known as the _____. | Pearl Incident |
| What was 'Popular Sovereignty' in the context of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | The policy of allowing residents of a territory to vote on whether to permit slavery. |
| Which abolitionist wrote 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'? | Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| Who led the 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry? | John Brown |
| The _____ Amendment was the first of the three 'Reconstruction Amendments' to be ratified. | 13th |
| Under the 14th Amendment, no state can deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without _____. | Due process of law |
| How did the KKK Act (1871) empower the federal government? | It made it a federal crime to prevent people from voting, allowing the government to arrest and try Klan leaders. |
| What does the term 'Sectionalism' mean in the context of U.S. history? | Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. |
| Who was the Democratic candidate in the disputed Election of 1876? | Samuel J. Tilden |
| What happened to the first public schools for freedmen established by the Freedmen's Bureau? | Many were forced to close after their funding was cut or they were attacked by the KKK. |
| In sharecropping contracts, who usually controlled the sale of the cotton crop? | The landowner |
| What was the 'Tallmadge Amendment' related to? | An early attempt to restrict the expansion of slavery into Missouri. |
| Who were the 'Border Ruffians'? | Pro-slavery activists from Missouri who crossed into Kansas to vote illegally for slavery. |
| The term for a person who worked to end slavery is an _____. | Abolitionist |
| Which female abolitionists were sisters from a wealthy South Carolina slave-owning family? | Angelina and Sarah Grimke |
| Which 1839 revolt took place on a Spanish slave ship? | The Amistad Revolt |
| What was the 'Liberator'? | An abolitionist newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison. |
| The Compromise of 1850 included a stricter version of which law to appease the South? | The Fugitive Slave Act |
| What was the main argument of John Brown's speech to the court before his execution? | That his actions were justified by the law of God to intervene on behalf of the oppressed. |
| What symbol in political cartoons often represented the United States' failure to provide justice to slaves? | A broken statue of Justice |
| What was the specific 'meaning of freedom' for many newly freed African Americans in 1865? | The right to own land, reunite families, establish independent churches, and obtain education. |
| How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 affect the 'River of Reconstruction'? | It acted as a force 'against' the flow by returning political power to former Confederates who opposed Black rights. |
| What was the rate of death for convicts in some leasing programs according to the 'Slavery by Another Name' source? | 30-40% per year |
| Which state's Black Codes required every Black person to be in the 'regular service' of a white person or former owner? | Louisiana (St. Landry Parish) |
| What was the 'Grandfather Clause' (implied by the context of voting restrictions)? | A law allowing people to vote only if their ancestors had voted before Reconstruction, effectively barring Black men. |
| The 'Military Reconstruction Act' required Southern states to do what before being readmitted to the Union? | Ratify the 14th Amendment and guarantee Black men the right to vote in their state constitutions. |
| According to Eric Foner, when did the South see the next significant rise of African American officeholding after the 1890s? | After the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. |
Created by:
J-Sllim-00