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Evolution/Natural se
biology week 10 vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species: | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding |
| Natural selection: | the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Common ancestor: | an ancestor that two or more descendants have in common |
| Chemical evolution: | evolutionary theory describing formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules |
| Endosymbiotic theory: | states that the mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote) |
| Symbiotic relationship: | a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species |
| Variation: | refers to an individual that possesses characteristics different from the others of the same kind |
| Overproduction: | more offspring than can be supported by the environment |
| Descent with modification: | the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor |
| Gene pool: | is the total genetic diversity found within a population or a species |
| Genetic diversity: | the amount of genetic information within and among individuals of a population, a species, an assemblage, or a community/ |
| Bottleneck effect: | an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced. Events like natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires) can decimate a population, killing most individuals and leaving behind a small, random assortmen |
| Founder effect: | is the reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony |
| Gene flow: | the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population or a species to another |
| Genetic drift: | refers to random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation due to chance events |
| Divergent evolution: | refers to the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups |
| convergent evolution: | is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits |
| Homologous structures: | internal structures are similar, but external structures and functions are very different. |
| Analogous structures: | unrelated organisms have adapted structures with similar function, but vastly different composition |
| Vestigial structure: | an organ or appendage that no longer serves a functional purpose |
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