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Computer Science M&S

QuestionAnswer
What are Registers? A tiny, temporary storage areas built directly into the CPU.
How large are Registers? Very small - typically no more then 64 bits
How fast are Registers? Fastest type of memory: you can read/write to/from registers really quickly
What are Registers used for? Internal operations within the CPU, used by its components
What is Cache memory? Small, temporary storage that holds recently used data for quick access
What is Level 1 Cache (L1)? Cache located closest to the CPU, typically around 64 KB and very fast
What is Level 2 Cache (L2)? Cache further from the CPU but larger, usually a few MB
How fast are Cache? Faster then RAM but slower then Registers
What does ROM stand for? Read Only Memory
What is stored in ROM? The startup (bootstrap) instructions when a computer is turned on
How is ROM capacity measured? Typically in Megabytes (MB)
How fast is ROM? Is the slowest out of all memory types in term of access speed
What does RAM stand for? Random Access Memory
What is RAM used for? Temporarily storing data and instructions currently being used by the CPU
Where does RAM get its data from? Programs and data are loaded from secondary storage (Hard Disk/Solid State Storage) into RAM
How is RAM capacity measured? In Gigabytes (GB)
How fast is RAM? Faster than ROM but slower then Register and Cache
What is a CPU? Central Processing Unit
What is the purpose of the CPU? To fetch and execute instructions
CPU component - What does the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) do? Performs calculations and logical operations
CPU component - What does the Control Unit (CU) do? Decodes instructions and controls data flow within the CPU
What is the role of the Cache in the CPU? Stores frequently used data and instructions for fast access
What is the role of registers in the CPU? Provides small, fast storage to help execute instructions
What factors affect CPU speed? Number of cores, clock speed and cache size
What is meant by number of cores? The number of independent processing units in the CPU
What is the clock speed? The number of processing cycles per second
Is RAM volatile or non volatile? Volatile: its contents are lost when the computer is turned off
Is RAM read-only or read/write? It is read/write memory
IS ROM volatile or non volatile? Non Volatile: contents remain when the computer is turned off
Is ROM read-only or read/write? It is read-only and can not be written on
Volatile Data is lost when the power is tuned off
Non Volatile Data is kept even when power is turned off
Why do you need secondary storage? ROM is read only and RAM volatile so secondary storage is needed because its read/write, non volatile and can be used for long term storage of changeable data
Types of secondary storage Magnetic, Solid State and Optical
Magnetic secondary storage Is non volatile and uses magnetism to store data permanently. Uses for long term storage and keeps data even if it is turned off. Examples: Hard Disk
Solid State secondary storage Is non-volatile and uses flash memory chips to store data electronically. No moving parts, so it is faster, quieter, and more durable than magnetic storage. Examples: USB flash drives, memory cards
Optical secondary Storage Is non-volatile storage that uses a laser to read and write data on discs. Data is stored on discs such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Mainly used for media and backups, but is generally slower and has lower capacity than other storage types.
What is Cloud storage? Storing programs and data on remote hard drives, accessible via the internet.
Advantages of Cloud storage Frees up space on local drives. Files can be accessed from any device connected to the internet. Backups and version histories are usually stored automatically. Collaboration on files is easy.
Disadvantages of Cloud storage Monthly/annual cost. Potential security risks. Relying on a third party to look after your data.
Created by: user-2032957
 

 



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