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History Test 2
Chocolate labs ONLY!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is "Manifest Destiny"? | The belief that the U.S. should expand across all of North America. |
| Who came up with the term "Manifest Destiny"? | John O’Sullivan. |
| Who became president after William Henry Harrison died? | John Tyler. |
| Why didn’t the Whig Party like John Tyler? | He disagreed with them, so they kicked him out. |
| Why did Americans in Texas fight Mexico? | They wanted to be independent from Mexico. |
| What was the Texas Revolution also called? | The Lone Star Rebellion. |
| What happened at the Alamo? | All the Texan defenders died. |
| Who led Texas to victory at San Jacinto? | Sam Houston. |
| What happened after Texas won its independence? | Texas became its own country, but wanted to join the U.S. |
| Who wanted Texas to become a U.S. state? | Many Americans and Texans, including Sam Houston. |
| Who won the 1844 election promising to expand the U.S.? | James K. Polk. |
| When did Texas become part of the U.S.? | In 1845. |
| How did Mexico feel about the U.S. taking Texas? | Mexico was angry and upset. |
| What is the “54-40 or Fight!” slogan about? | Americans wanted the Oregon border higher up, at 54°40′ latitude. |
| How was the argument over the Oregon border settled? | The U.S. and Britain agreed to split it at the 49th parallel. |
| What river did Texas say was its border? | The Rio Grande. |
| What river did Mexico say was the border with Texas? | The Nueces River. |
| Who did President Polk send to the Texas border? | General Zachary Taylor. |
| What started the Mexican-American War? | U.S. and Mexican soldiers fought near the Rio Grande. |
| What did some people in the North think about the war? | They thought it was wrong and only for more land and slavery. |
| Who spoke out against the war? | Abraham Lincoln and some other members of Congress. |
| How did the U.S. take Santa Fe, New Mexico? | General Kearny marched in—Mexican troops left without fighting. |
| What new kind of fighting happened at Monterrey? | U.S. troops fought house-to-house in the city. |
| What was the main U.S. export at this time? | Cotton. |
| What were the four main causes of the Civil War? | States’ Rights, Slavery, Tariffs, Sectionalism |
| What was the Southern view on states’ rights? | Southern states believed they could ignore federal laws they found unfair. |
| What crisis during Andrew Jackson’s presidency showed early tension over states’ rights? | The Nullification Crisis (1832) |
| What did the South call their new nation, and why? | The Confederate States of America, because they wanted a weak national government (states over nation). |
| What was the main Southern fear about federal laws regarding slavery? | That the North would pass laws banning slavery, threatening their way of life. |
| What percentage of South Carolina’s population were slaves in 1860? | 57% |
| How many slaves were in the U.S. at the start of the Civil War? | 4 million. |
| Why did the North favor tariffs? | They protected American manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive. |
| Why did the South oppose tariffs? | Tariffs hurt Southern exports and risked foreign countries taxing Southern goods. |
| What is sectionalism? | Loyalty to the interests of your own region or section of the country, leading to different views and priorities. |
| Which side had more people, money, and better transportation? | The North. |
| What were the South’s main advantages? | Better generals and most fighting on their home territory. |
| Who was the South’s most famous general? | Robert E. Lee. |
| What was the Union’s strategy called? | Anaconda Plan. |
| What were the 3 main objectives of the Union’s Anaconda Plan? | Blockade the South, control the Mississippi River, capture Richmond, VA |
| What was the South’s strategy? | Prolong the war to tire out the North and keep fighting on Southern soil. |
| What did the Compromise of 1850 do? | California entered as a free state, Utah and New Mexico decided on slavery by popular sovereignty, Texas border dispute settled. |
| What was the Fugitive Slave Law? | Required all runaway slaves to be returned to their masters and made it illegal to help runaway slaves. |
| Who wrote "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" and why was it significant? | Harriet Beecher Stowe; it increased opposition to slavery in the North and angered the South. |
| What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? | Allowed new territories to decide on slavery by popular sovereignty, repealing the Missouri Compromise. |
| What was "Bleeding Kansas"? | Violent conflict between pro- and anti-slavery groups in Kansas over the slavery issue. |
| Who was John Brown? | A radical abolitionist who led attacks in Kansas and the raid on Harper’s Ferry. |
| What did the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision say? | Slaves were not citizens and had no rights. |
| What was the Freeport Doctrine? | Stephen Douglas’s idea that territories could limit slavery by not enforcing laws protecting it. |
| Who won the presidential election of 1860? | Abraham Lincoln. |
| What did Southern states do after Lincoln’s election? | South Carolina and other states seceded from the Union. |
| What was the Crittenden Compromise? | An unsuccessful last-ditch effort to prevent secession by allowing slavery in western territories. |
| Where did the Civil War begin? | Fort Sumter, South Carolina, April 12, 1861. |
| Why were the border states important? | They had large populations and manufacturing; their loyalty was crucial to the Union. |
| What were the North’s main strengths? | Population, wealth, factories, and railroads. |
| What was the Union’s Six Point Plan? | Blockade coasts, free slaves, control the Mississippi, invade Georgia/Carolinas, capture Richmond, and defeat main Confederate armies. |
| What was the outcome and significance of the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)? | Confederate victory; showed both sides the war would not be quick or easy. |
| What was the bloodiest battle up to that point and where was it fought? | Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee (April 1862). |
| Who was the Union general known as the “Young Napoleon”? | George B. McClellan |
| What was the result of the Peninsula Campaign? | Confederate victory; Union failed to capture Richmond. |
| What was significant about the Battle of Antietam? | Bloodiest single day in American history; allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| What was the result of the Battle of Gettysburg? | Major Union victory; turning point of the war, Lee failed to invade the North. |
| What was Pickett’s Charge? | A failed Confederate assault on the last day of Gettysburg, resulting in heavy losses. |
| Whose home became Arlington Cemetery? | Robert E. Lee’s |
| How many casualties were there in the Civil War? | Over 620,000 dead and 500,000+ wounded |
| What did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation do? | Freed slaves only in Confederate states, not border states. |
| What did Jefferson Davis do during the Battle of Gettysburg? | He sent a peace delegation to Washington, anticipating a Confederate victory. |
| How did Lincoln respond to the Confederate peace delegation after Gettysburg? | Lincoln refused to see them after the Union victory. |
| What was the military impact of Gettysburg on the Confederacy? | The Confederacy would never be on the offensive again after Gettysburg. |
| What did Lincoln do to honor those lost at Gettysburg? | He dedicated the battlefield as a Federal Cemetery in the Gettysburg Address. |
| Why was Vicksburg important to the Union? | Its capture would allow the Union to control the Mississippi River and cut off Confederate trade. |
| Who was the Union general in charge of the siege of Vicksburg? | General Ulysses S. Grant |
| What hardships did Vicksburg residents face during the siege? | They lived in caves to avoid bombardment and were forced to eat anything they could find, including snakes, rats, and horses. |
| When did Vicksburg surrender? | July 4, 1863 |
| What was the significance of the Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg? | They were back-to-back Union victories; the Confederacy would never be on the offensive again. |
| What was the Union's plan at the Battle of the Crater? | To tunnel under Confederate trenches and detonate explosives to break their lines. |
| What went wrong for the Union at the Crater? | Union leadership was unprepared and sent troops directly into the crater, where they were trapped and suffered heavy casualties |
| Who led the failed Union attack at the Crater? | Gen. James H. Ledlie |
| What was the outcome of the Battle of the Crater? | About 3,800 Union casualties vs. fewer than 1,200 Confederate casualties. |
| Who led the "March to the Sea" and what kind of warfare was practiced? | General William Sherman, who practiced "total war" by destroying everything in his path from Atlanta to Savannah. |
| What was the impact of Sherman's March on the South? | It destroyed supplies, railroads, and morale, but likely shortened the war. |
| When and where did the Civil War end? | April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. |
| What terms did Grant offer Lee and his army at surrender? | All Confederates were pardoned and allowed to return home with their private property and horses; officers could keep their side arms. |
| What was the human cost of the Civil War? | Over 650,000 Americans died, and over a million were killed or seriously wounded. |
| What happened to Abraham Lincoln after the war? | He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth five days after the war ended. |
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