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ANS Test 3
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spinal Nerves have how many pairs? | 31 pairs |
| Flow of nerves down spine | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and finally Coccygeal |
| Cervical nerves | C1-C8 |
| Thoracic Nerves | T1-T12 |
| Lumbar Nerves | L1-L5 |
| Sacral Nerves | S1-S5 |
| Coccygeal Nerves | Co1 |
| Dorsal Root | Sensory, afferent |
| Anterior Root | Motor, efferent |
| Branches are called | Rami, Ramus singular |
| White ramus called | Rami communicantes |
| Plexuses | networks or braids of anterior rami |
| Which nerves innervate directly, intercostal nerves? No plexus | T2-T11 |
| Reflex arc, mostly in spinal cord and spinal nerves | Stimulus afferently to dorsal horn, out ventral horn efferently to effector |
| Intrinsic | Inborn, putting your hand on a hot stove |
| Extrinsic | Learned, learning to drift |
| Somatic | Voluntary, skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic | involuntary, viscera |
| Patellar knee-jerk reflex, explain | Stretch receptors in knee kicks in extensors in thigh to turn on, while turning flexors underneath off. |
| Cross Extensor Reflex, explain | Ipsilateral side pulls away, contralateral side pushes away, both with turning on and off the opposite muscles. |
| Ipsilateral side | stimulus side (pull away) |
| Contralateral side | Non-stimulus side (push away) |
| chain ganglion | looks like a chain where presynaptic goes into post synaptic from spinal cord, then to viscera. |
| Sympathetic pathway of neurons/ganglions, etc belong to what spinal group? | Thoracolumbar |
| Parasympathetic pathway of neurons/ganglions, etc belongs to what spinal group? | Craniosacral |
| Ganglion is typically | Two neurons, pre from spinal cord, and post, from chain ganglion |
| Synapses are either | Cholinergic or Adrenergic |
| Cholinergic transmission | Acetylcholine from pre to post |
| Adrenergic (adrenaline) transmission | Norepinephrine from pre to post |
| Cholinergic Acetylcholine Muscarinic receptors | All parasympathetic (relaxation) target organs, excitation in all except cardiac muscle |
| Cholinergic Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors | All post ganglionic neurons, excitation |
| Adrenergic | Adrenaline, norepinephrine and epinephrine through adrenal medulla |
| Adrenergic B1 | Cardiac predominantly, increases heart rate and contraction, release renin from kidneys. |
| Adrenergic B2 | Lungs and other sympathetic target organs, abundant on blood vessels to the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Mostly inhibitory, dilation for more blood flow to critical organs in the need to fight or flight. |
| Adrenergic B3 | Adipose tissue, stimulates lipolysis of fat cells for energy consumption |
| Adrenergic A1 | Blood vessels serving skin, mucosae, viscera, kidneys, salivary glands, all sympathetic target organs but the heart. Constricts blood vessels and visceral organ sphincters, dilates eye pupils. "Turns off" unneeded organs. |
| Adrenergic A2 (not as important to know) | Membrane of adrenergic axon terminals, pancreas, and platelets. Inhibits insulin secretion in pancreas to keep glucose in blood stream, promotes blood clotting |
| What effect does the sympathetic pathways have? How can you tell what the sympathetic system would do? | Widespread effect as diverging circuits are common, always think of what that organ would need in case of fight or flight. |
| Sympathomimetic nervous pathway (mimic) | When a presynaptic neuron fires to the adrenal medulla, to mimic a sympathetic post synaptic neuron by releasing norepinephrine directly into the blood stream. Takes some time to calm down. |
| Is the sympathomimetic nervous pathway quick to calm down? | no |
| Parasympathetic AKA Craniosacral Which nerve contains 75% of parasympathetic fibers? | Vagus #10 |
| Viscera that has what receptors so ACh will stick to it is what? | Muscarinic |
| Parasympathetic's job? | Energy Conservation, restorative. Allowed 3 D's. Defecation, Diuresis, Digestion. |
Created by:
JoshuaB5