The entire collection of people plants, etc. ex how local students perform on a standardized test

A portion of the entire population. Ex: Imagine a school has 1,000 students (this is the population). If you randomly select 100 students and survey them about their favorite subject, those 100 students are your sample.

the branch of statistics that uses samples to make predictions about the entire population. Ex: A teacher samples 50 out of 500 students and finds an average score of 78%. She uses this to estimate the overall average is about 78%.

Sampling distribution

Statistical values calculated from various samples of the same size. Ex Many samples of 10 people give means like 64, 66, and 65; together they form a sampling distribution centered around 65

A method of gathering information from a small group in an attempt to gain enough information to make an accurate general assumption about the population

See to determine how much one variable is affected by changes in a second variable. Ex Researchers record how many hours students study and their test scores. They find that students who study more tend to have higher scores

Goes beyond correlational studies by testing cause and effect; for example, students using a new study method score higher than those using a regular method.

Observational studies

The opposite of experimental studies. The tester cannot change or in any way control all of the variables in the test. EX. You cannot change a person‘s gender.

Necessary to produce valid results. Should not have any particular influence to caused sample subjects to behave one way or another.

An error that causes the study to favor one set of results over another. EX if a survey to determine how the countries views of the president’s job performance only speaks to registered voters in the president’s party.

a measure of dispersion

shows how spread out data is. Example Test scores: 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 Range = 90 − 70 = 20 Variance and standard deviation tell how far each score is from the average (80) This helps understand whether scores are clustered or widely spread

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Question	Answer
Population	The entire collection of people plants, etc. ex how local students perform on a standardized test
Sample	A portion of the entire population. Ex: Imagine a school has 1,000 students (this is the population). If you randomly select 100 students and survey them about their favorite subject, those 100 students are your sample.
Inferential stastics	the branch of statistics that uses samples to make predictions about the entire population. Ex: A teacher samples 50 out of 500 students and finds an average score of 78%. She uses this to estimate the overall average is about 78%.
Sampling distribution	Statistical values calculated from various samples of the same size. Ex Many samples of 10 people give means like 64, 66, and 65; together they form a sampling distribution centered around 65
Survey study	A method of gathering information from a small group in an attempt to gain enough information to make an accurate general assumption about the population
Correlation studies	See to determine how much one variable is affected by changes in a second variable. Ex Researchers record how many hours students study and their test scores. They find that students who study more tend to have higher scores
Experimental studies	Goes beyond correlational studies by testing cause and effect; for example, students using a new study method score higher than those using a regular method.
Observational studies	The opposite of experimental studies. The tester cannot change or in any way control all of the variables in the test. EX. You cannot change a person‘s gender.
Random sample	Necessary to produce valid results. Should not have any particular influence to caused sample subjects to behave one way or another.
Bias	An error that causes the study to favor one set of results over another. EX if a survey to determine how the countries views of the president’s job performance only speaks to registered voters in the president’s party.
a measure of dispersion	shows how spread out data is. Example Test scores: 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 Range = 90 − 70 = 20 Variance and standard deviation tell how far each score is from the average (80) This helps understand whether scores are clustered or widely spread

Created by: user-1878555

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