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food science exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sodium NA | Required in the extracellular fluids to maintain osmotic equilibrium and body fluid volume- recommended 2300 mg .. 1.5 tsp excessive amounts lead to hypertension, 50% of americans are sensitive |
| potassium K | maintains fluid balance, muscle function and nerve impulse, carbohydrate metabolism, lowers blood pressure from sodium, deficiency can occur from extensive vomiting and dihedra. recommended amount- 2000 mg and we normally get 2000-3000 |
| calcium CA | 99% of the body's--- used for bone structure, vitamin D is important arborization and utilization, anything associated with blood, structural as stores in skeleton, electrophysiological -carries charge during an action potential across membranes, intrace |
| calcium CA people | pregnant body's absorb 15-20 percent more young absorb more, grass tetany in ruminants due to grass hay or pasture having a high Potassium content (low Ca and Mg blood levels). |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density from lack of calcium |
| phosphorus P | RDA- 800 mg/day, americans consume 1400-1500 per day, good source fish, animal foods. Part of some enzymes, cell membranes, and bones, Key role in energy transfer; ATP structure |
| sulfur S | used to prevent discoloration in fruits and veggies, restrictied since some sensitive, salad bars, wine, 1% sensitive 5% asthma |
| iron Fe | woman need more than men, best source from red meat, men need 10 woman need 15 exesses can be life threatening, |
| anemia | decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood, 15 percent of the world has iron deficiancy |
| iodine I | Deficiency known as goiter which causes an enlargement of thyroid gland, seafood, lead to iodine infused salt, can lead to mental retardation |
| flouride F | bone and teeth development, food source is teas and seafood, Some opponents of fluoridation have expressed concern that fluoride damages body function (dental and skeletal fluorosis), can lead to teeth damage |
| celiac disease | intolerence to protein gluten, autoimmune disorder that damages small intestine |
| non celiac gluten sensitivity | not autoimmune and causes bloating and pooping problems 0.5-6 of the population has this |
| Marasmus | lack of protein and calories, from greek means to waste away, Seen in infants and adults, but estimated 20 million children <5 years old in developing countries most affected |
| Kwashiorkor | the disease that the first child gets when the secound one comes, does not get essentail acids from mothers milk |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | lack of phenylalanine, often outgrown |
| vitamin A | essential for eye health, without can cause night blindness, only in animal products, B-carotene is precursor, primary deficancy caused by malnutration, secoundary caused by not eating enough of it, |
| vitamin D | get from UV sunlight, functions as a hormone trying to incease calcium and phosphorus, exposure 10-15 mins twice a week |
| rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults) | vitamin D defincany, Causes bone deformities, bowed legs, curvature of spine |
| vitamin E | related compounds called tocopherols, natural preservative, Antioxidant in body and in foods, Helps in iron absorption, veggie oils are best source and defenacys are rare |
| vitamin K | Required for normal blood clotting (synthesis of prothrombin), Bacteria produce some in intestine, |
| Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn | lack of vitamin K, 1-7 days post partium, Cutaneous, GI, intrathoracic, or intracranial bleeding |
| late hemorrhagic disease | Vitamin K deficiency in breastfed infants remains a major worldwide cause of infant morbidity and mortality |
| vitamin C | Helps in tooth formation and healing of broken bones and wounds, destoried in food processing and added back |
| scurvy | vitamin C defecany, bleeding gums, loose teeth, joint diseases, easily bruised skin, muscle fatigue, decreased wound healing, hemorrhaging, osteoporosis, and anemia |
| Vitamin B1 | Deficiency = severely reduced capacity of cells to generate generate energy during carb metabolism |
| Beriberi | severe thiamin deficiency disease; carbohydrate rich diet but thiamin deficient (mostly developing countries)…US primarily alcohol use disorder. lack of b1 |
| vitamin B2 | Liver can store up to 6 years worth of vitamin B2, deficiencies rare |
| vitamin B12 | helps prevent pernicious anemia, “pernicious” means deadly |
| vitamin B3, naicin | Deficiency known as pellegra, severer skin color discoration |
| folate vitamin b9 | 300,000 neural tube defects worldwide annually. Essential for making DNA and RNA, and making red blood cells (prevent anemias |
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