Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
KIN 310
Lecture 6 Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ___________ nervous system is responsible for planning of voluntary movement | Central |
| The ____________ nervous system is responsible for responding to feedback | Central |
| The _______________ nervous system is responsible for motor control of movement and organ systems | Peripheral |
| The motor division of the peripheral nervous system is called the ___________ system | Efferent |
| The _____________ nervous system is responsible for sensory feedback during exercise | Peripheral |
| The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system is called the ___________ division | afferent |
| The ________ division of the _____________ nervous system is feedback going into the brain | afferent; peripheral |
| The __________ division of the _________________ nervous system is responsible for information going out to the muscles | efferent; peripheral |
| __________________: is when the cell becomes positive and action potential happens | Depolarization |
| _____________________: is when the cell becomes more negative and returns to resting membrane potential | Repolarization |
| _____________________: is when the cell becomes more negative than resting membrane potential then returns to the resting membrane potential | Hyperpolarization |
| You can only move _____________ charge ions; ___________________ charged ions stay in the cell | Positively, negatively |
| Communication between neurons occurs at a _____________ | Synapse |
| The ________________ neuron releases neurotransmitters which bind to receptor on postsynaptic neuron | Presynaptic |
| _____________ transmitters bind to receptor on target membrane and elicit graded depolarizations called _____________ postsynaptic potentials | Excitatory; excitatory |
| Excitatory postsynaptic potentials bind neurotransmitter to receptors opens _______ channels | Na+ |
| _____________ summation is when one presynaptic neuron binds to one postsynaptic neuron | Temporal |
| _____________ summation is when multiple presynaptic neurons bind to one postsynaptic neuron | Spatial |
| The neurotransmitter ______________ postsynaptic potential hypperpolarize cell | inhibitory |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential neurotransmitters prevent ___________________ by making the cell open more gates | Depolarization |
| The somatic motor nervous system alpha motor neuron has a cell body in the _______ ________, axon exits as a ___________ _________ collateral branch innervates __________ (one or many) muscle fibers | spinal cord, spinal nerve, single |
| A ________ ________ is the alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates | Motor Unit |
| A low motor unit innervation ration is for ________ motor control | Fine |
| A high motor unit innervation ratio is for ________ __________ | Larger muscles |
| What does the size principle say about motor units? | Motor units are recruited from small to large |
| Small motor units have _______ muscle fibers per motor neuron | less |
| Type ___ is the smallest motor unit | S |
| Type ___ is the middle motor unit in terms of size | FR |
| Type __ is the largest motor unit | FF |
| The ______________ motor nervous system of the PNS controls involuntary motor components | Autonomic |
| The _______________ motor nervous system uses 2 neuron chain to communicate with muscles and glands | Autonomic |
| What are the two divisons of the autonomic motor nervous system of the peripheral nervous system? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are ___-___ spinal segments | T1-L2 |
| The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division release ______ | ACh |
| The ganglionic neurons of the sympathic division are sympathetic ________ or ______________ ganglia | Sympathetic trunk or collateral ganglia |
| The ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division release _________________________ but some release ______ | Norepinephrine; ACh |
| The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located in _____________ _________ and ___-____ spinal cord segments | Brainstem nuclei and S2-S4 spinal cord segments |
| The ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are close or within the ______ of ________ ___________ | Wall of target organ |
| The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division release _______________ | ACh |
| The ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division release ____________ | ACh |
| What 3 regions of the brain play a role in the regulation of movement? | Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem |
| The _________ _______ is the outer gray matter region of cerebrum | Cerebral cortex |
| The _____________ __________ is the location of conscious thought | Cerebral cortex |
| The _________________ __________ is the origin of intellectual functions | Cerebral cortex |
| The primary motor cortex is located in the _________ lobe in the ___________ _________ | Frontal lobe; cerebral cortex |
| The primary motor cortex controls ____________ ___________ ___________ ________ | Voluntary skeletal muscle activity |
| The _______________ is located in the back of the brain and is the second largest part of the brain | Cerebellum |
| The ______________ coordinates and fine-tunes movements | Cerebellum |
| The ______________ initiates fast, ballistic movements | Cerebellum |
| The ______________ stores memories of previously learned movement patterns | Cerebellum |
| The ______________ adjusts muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture | Cerebellum |
| T or F: The midbrain is a major structure of the brain stem | T |
| T or F: The pons is a major structure of the brain stem | T |
| T or F: The medulla oblongata is a major structure of the brain stem | T |
| The _________ ________ connects forebrain and cerebellum to spinal cord | Brain stem |
| The ________ __________ is the passageway for all tracts between cerebrum and spinal cord | Brian Stem |
| The ________ ________ contains many autonomic and reflex centers required for survival | Brain Stem |
| The functions of the _________ _______ are eye movements, muscle tone, equilibrium, and special reflexes | Brain Stem |
| The __________ ____________ theory says exercise induced fatigue is attributed to the brain | Central governor theory |
| The central governor theory is accomplished by _______________ activation of lower _______ motor neurons | Decreased; alpha |
| __________________ are receptors that provide CNS with information about body position | Proprioceptors |
| ___________________ are reflexes that refer to involuntary muscle movements | Chemoreceptors |
| Free nerve endings are ______ ______________ | Joint proprioceptors |
| Golgi-type receptors are ________ ____________ | Joint proprioceptors |
| Pacinian courpuscles are ________ ___________ | Joint proprioceptors |
| Muscle spindles are ________ _____________ | Muscle proprioceptors |
| Golgi tendon organs are ________ ____________ | Muscle proprioceptors |
| A muscle spindle responds to changes in ________ __________ | Muscle length |
| Intrafusal fibers, gamma motor neurons, and stretch reflex make up the _______ _____________ | Muscle spindle |
| __________ __________ run parallel to normal muscle fibers | Intrafusal fibers |
| ______________ _________ __________ stimulate intrafusal fibers to contract with extrafusal fibers | Gamma motor neurons |
| The _________ ________ is when stretch on muscle causes reflex contraction | Muscle Spindle |
| The __________ __________ ___________ monitors tension developed in muscle to prevent muscle damage during excessive force generation | Golgi Tendon Organ |
| Stimulation of the _________ ________ ___________ results in reflex relaxation of muscle due to inhibitory neurons sending IPSPs to alpha motor neurons | Golgi Tendon Organ |
| _____________ _____________________ are sensitive to changes in the chemical environmental surrounding a muscle | Muscle chemoreceptors |
| _____________ __________________ provide CNS with information about metabolic rate of muscular activity | Muscle Chemoreceptors |
| Exercise initiates a cascade of __________ growth factors | Brain |
| __________ ________ __________ enhance learning and memory | Brain Growth Factors |
| __________ ________ __________ stimulate neurogenesis | Brain Growth Factors |
| __________ ________ __________ improve brain vasculature and blood flow | Brain Growth Factors |
| __________ ________ __________ attenuate mechanisms of depression | Brain Growth Factors |
Created by:
sschichtel