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Chapter 11
Terms and Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Decibels | units used to measure the relative loudness of sounds |
| Congenitally deaf | refers to individuals who are born with deafness |
| Adventitiously deaf | individuals who acquire deafness at some time after birt |
| Prelingual deafness | deafness that occurs at birth or early in life before the development of speech and language. |
| Postlingual deafness | deafness that occurs after the development of speech and language |
| Tympanic membrane (eardrum) | a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear |
| Auricle | the visible part of the outer ear that protrudes from the side of the head. |
| Ossicles | three tiny bones located in the middle ear |
| Malleus | one of the three tiny bones in the middle ear. |
| Incus | one of the three tiny bones in the middle ear |
| stapes | one of the three tiny bones in the middle ear |
| Oval window | a membrane-covered opening that leads from the middle ear to the inner ear |
| Vestibular mechanism | a part of the inner ear responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. |
| Cochlea | a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that plays a crucial role in the process of hearing. |
| Otoacoustic emissions | ow-intensity sounds emitted by the cochlea in response to auditory stimuli |
| Audiologist | a healthcare professional specializing in identifying, diagnosing, and treating hearing and balance disorders |
| Pure-tone audiometry | a test used to determine an individual's hearing threshold at various frequencies |
| hertz | unit of frequency that measures the number of vibrations or cycles per second of a sound wave |
| Audiometric zero | lowest level at which people with normal hearing can detect a sound |
| Speech audiometry | method used by audiologists to assess a person's ability to detect and understand speech. |
| Speech-reception threshold | The decibel level at which a person can understand speech. |
| Conductive hearing impairment | due to interference with the transfer of sound through the outer or middle ear. |
| Sensorineural hearing impairment | involves problems in the inner ear |
| mixed hearing impairment | a combination of both conductive and sensorineural hearing impairments. |
| External otitis | Also known as "swimmer's ear," this is an infection of the skin of the external auditory canal |
| Otitis media | An inflammation of the middle-ear space, often caused by an infection. |
| Connexin-26 Gene | A gene whose mutation is the most common cause of congenital deafness. |
| Sign language | The primary language of most people in the Deaf community, consisting of handshapes, locations, and movements. |
| Fingerspelling | The representation of letters of the English alphabet by finger positions. |
| Cochlear implantation | A surgical procedure that allows people who are deaf to hear some environmental sounds. |
| In vitro fertilization | A medical procedure used to help infertile couples conceive a child. |
| Oralism–manualism debate | a long-standing controversy regarding the best method for teaching communication to individuals who are deaf. |
| Total communication | an educational approach that combines both oral and manual methods to teach individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. |
| Simultaneous communication | an educational approach that combines both oral and manual methods to teach individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. |
| Bicultural-bilingual approach | an educational method for individuals who are deaf, emphasizing the use of American Sign Language (ASL) as the primary language and incorporating Deaf culture into the curriculum. |
| Auditory-Verbal Approach | an educational method focused on using hearing (audition) to develop speech and language skills in children with hearing impairments. |
| Speechreading | a method that involves teaching children to use visual information from various sources to understand spoken language |
| Cued speech | a way of augmenting speechreading |
| Homophenes | different sounds that look identical when spoken |
| Signing English systems | methods developed to communicate with people who are deaf by using signs that correspond directly to the English language |
| Text telephones | devices that enable people with hearing impairments to communicate via typed messages over the telephone. |
| Video relay service | a technology that enables people who are deaf to communicate with hearing individuals through a sign language interpreter |
| Transliteration | a method used in sign language interpretation that maintains the same word order as spoken English |
Created by:
giselleusc