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PSY 2120
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reliability | how consistent the results of a measure are |
| Validity | how well the measure actually measures what its trying to measure |
| Test-retest reliability | consistent scores each time the measure is used |
| Interrater reliability | consistent scores no matter who does the measuring |
| Internal reliability | a participant provides a consistent pattern of responses |
| What number must r approach to be considered strong | 1 or -1 |
| Face validity | it looks like what you want to measure |
| Content validity | the measure contains all the parts that your theory says it should contain |
| Criterion validity | does it correlate with key behaviors |
| Convergent validity | a measure should correlate strongly with other measures of the same construction |
| Discriminate validity | a measure should correlate less strongly with measures of different constructs |
| Predictive validity | the extent to which a test or measurement can accurately predict a future outcome |
| Concurrent validity | the degree to which a test correlates with established measures of the same construct |
| Leading questions | can lead respondents to a certain response |
| Double-barreled questions | asking two questions in one |
| Negatively worded questions | using double negatives |
| Question order | earlier items can influence has respondents interpret later items |
| Open-ended questions | can get specific responses, but more likely to skip and they take more time |
| Forced-choice questions | data can be run quickly. but can be missing an option |
| Likert scale | collects more data than forced choice, but people are likely to pick the midpoint |
| Observer bias | when observers see what they expect to see |
| Ways to control for observer bias | masked design where observers do not know the conditions the participants have been assigned, and they are not aware of what the study is about |
| Observer effect | when participants confirm observer expectations |
| Ways to control for observer effect | reduce reactivity by using a two-way mirror, period before coding to allow participants to get used to the researcher being there, observing behavior results |
| Population | the entire set of people or things in which you are interested |
| Sample | the smaller set of people or things that is taken from the population |
| Convenience sampling | sampling those who are easy to contact |
| Self-selection sampling | sampling those who volunteer |
| Purposive sampling | when you want to study certain kinds of people, so you only recruit those kinds of people |
| Snowball sampling | participants are asked to recommend other participants for the study |
| Quota sampling | identifying subsets of the population and setting a target number for each category to include in your sample |
| Simple random sampling | putting every member of the populations name into a pull and randomly selecting a predetermined number of names |
| Multistage sampling | a random sample of clusters is taken from your population of interest, from those selected clusters, a random sample of people is chosen |
| Cluster sampling | clusters of participants within a population are randomly selected, and then all individuals in a selected cluster are used |
| Stratified random sampling | selecting specific demographic categories and then randomly selecting individuals from each of those categories |
| Oversampling | a variation of stratified random sampling in which a researcher over represents one or more groups |
| Systematic sampling | randomly selecting every Xth participant from a sampling frame |
| Moderator | the relationship between variables changes depending on another variable |
Created by:
erindineen