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F of radiology

foundation of radiology

TermDefinition
ALARA concept Concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.”
Anode (AN-ode) The positive electrode in the x-ray tube.
Atom The basic unit of matter.
Bremsstrahlung radiation “Braking radiation.” The sudden deceleration electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei.n of
Cathode (KATH-ode) The negative electrode in the x-ray tube.
Central ray X-rays at the center of the beam.
Contrast Differences in degrees of blackness on an image.
Control panel The portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button.
Density The overall darkness or blackness of an image.
Dental radiography (ray-dee-OG-ruh-fee) The process of recording images of the teeth and adjacent structures by exposure to x-radiation.
Digital imaging A filmless method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image receptor, an electronic signal, and a computer to process and store the image.
Distortion Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation.
Dose (of radiation) The amount of energy absorbed by tissues.
Dosimeter A device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of radiation.
Electron A negatively charged particle in the atom.
Energy The ability to do work.
Extension arm Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead.
Genetic (juh-NE-tik) effects Effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells.
Image Film-based or digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures.
Image receptor A recording medium for an image, normally film, phosphor
storage plate (PSP) or a digital sensor.
Intensity The total energy of the x-ray beam.
Ion (EYE-on) An electrically charged particle.
Ionization (eye-uh-ni-ZAY-shun) Process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans.
Ionizing (EYE-uh-nye-zing) radiation Radiation that produces ionization,resulting in harmful effects.
Kilovoltage (KIL-uh-voel-tuj) peak (kVp, tube Highest voltage of x-ray used during an exposure.
Latent (LAY-tent), period Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms.
Lead apron ,Device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming
tissues from scatter radiation.
Magnification, The proportional enlargement of an image.
Master switch indicator light selector buttons, exposure
button Components of control panel.
Matter, Anything that occupies space and has form or shape.
Milliampere (mil-ee-AM-peer) (mA), One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an
ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an
electrical current.
Penumbra (puh-NUM-bruh), The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds
an image.
Personal radiation monitoring badge, A device that measures exposure of
personnel to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a crystal in the detector when heated. The intensity of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure.
Photon (FOE-ton), A minute (tiny) bundle of pure energy that has no weight
or mass.
Primary beam ,The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the
anode.
Primary radiation, Same as primary beam.
Quality (of x-ray beam) ,The mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
Quantity (of x-ray beam), The number of x-rays produced in the dental unit; the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage.
Radiation ,Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material.
Radiograph (RAY-dee-oe-graf), Image produced on photosensitive film by
exposing the film to radiation and then processing it.
Radiology (ray-dee-OL-uh-jee) ,The science or study of radiation as used in medicine.
Scatter radiation, A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray
beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter.
Secondary radiation, X-radiation that is created when the primary beam
interacts with matter.
Created by: Lizel Pedraza
 

 



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