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Topics 14 and 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| “Governments should uphold freedoms, including freedom of speech, the press, and religion.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Liberalism |
| “Governments should uphold traditional authority, and avoid major changes.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Conservatism |
| “People who share a common culture or ethnicity should live together under the same government.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Nationalism |
| “Free markets, where people are free to buy, sell, and do business as they please, are the best way to organize an economy.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Liberalism |
| “Strong authority guarantees order and stability in society.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Conservatism |
| “Foreign governments should not control other cultural groups.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Nationalism |
| “Economic decisions should be made collectively, instead of by private individuals and businesses.” This statement best matches which ideology? | Socialism |
| What was the main source of energy during the First Industrial Revolution? | Coal |
| What steam-powered invention revolutionized land transportation during the First Industrial Revolution? | Trains |
| What steam-powered invention, created by Robert Fulton, revolutionized water transportation? | Steamboat |
| How did the Industrial Revolution change where people lived? | More people moved to cities, to work in factories |
| What was the first country to industrialize? | Britain |
| A market economy where private businesses have the freedom to operate for a profit, with little government interference, is known as a: | Free enterprise economy |
| Which year is known as the “Year of Revolutions” in Europe? | 1848 |
| Who was the first president of France’s Second Republic? | Napoleon III |
| How did France’s Second Republic end? | Louis-Napoleon launched a coup and became Emperor Napoleon III |
| What happened in the Franco-Prussian War? | Prussia defeated France, capturing Napoleon III. In the aftermath, Prussia created the new country of Germany. |
| Which kingdom succeeded in uniting various Italian states into the new Kingdom of Italy? | Sardinia-Piedmont |
| Which military leader led the Expedition of the Thousand, conquering the Two Sicilies for Sardinia-Piedmont and helped establish the Kingdom of Italy? | Guisieppe Garibaldi |
| Which kingdom succeeded in uniting various German states into the Second German Empire? | Prussia |
| What was the emperor of Germany also known as? | Kaiser |
| Which empires were seriously threatened by nationalist movements? | Austria, Russia, Ottoman Empire |
| Which countries gained independence from nationalist revolutions in the 1800s? | Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, |
| What did Austria become known as, after the Compromise of 1867? | Austria-Hungary |
| What happened in the Crimean War? | Britain and France stopped Russia from conquering the Ottoman Empire |
| What reforms did Czar Alexander II make to Russia | Modernized the military, ended serfdom |
| What happened during “Bloody Sunday?” | Under Czar Nicholas II, Russian soldiers massacred protesting Russian subjects |
| The Russian legislature, created under Nicholas II, was known as the: | Duma |
| Who was the queen of Britain for most of the 1800s - remembered for reigning during a time of increasing democratic rule, which reduced her own power? | Victoria |
| What were the two major political parties of England in the 1800s? | Liberal and Conservative |
| Irish experienced the Great Famine largely because of a disease affecting: | Potatos |
| Groups that wanted independence, but did not achieve it during the 1800s included... | Irish, Polish, Jews, Armenians |
| Prejudice against or persecution of Jewish people is known as: | Anti-Semitism |
| What was the goal of Zionism? | Jews wanted to return to Israel to establish a Jewish state |
| How did the French colony of Saint-Domaigne gain independence? | A successful slave revolt |
| What new country was established once Saint-Donaigne gained independence? | Haiti |
| What was the first major leader of Mexico’s war for independence? | Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla |
| Who were the two major liberators of South America? | Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin |
| The Bessemer Process was a cheaper and more efficient way to produce: | Steel |
| In 1901, Gugliemo Marconi revolutionized communication by using _____ communicate across the Atlantic Ocean. | Radio |
| The economic philosophy that argues people and private businesses should make economic decisions, with little or no government interference, is known as: | Capitalism |
| What were some inventions that electricity made possible? | Radio, telephone, light bulb |
| What were some jobs available to women during the Second Industrial Revolution? | Nurses, teachers, clerks, secretaries |
| What was the name of the pamphlet published by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels, outlining the ideas of Marxism? | The Communist Manifesto |
| According to Marxism, in the capitalist system this group of people were the oppressors, who should be overthrown. | Bourgeoise |
| According to Marxism, in the capitalist system this group of people is made up of exploited workers, who should rise up in revolution. | Proletariat |
| What is the term for a strategy used by trade unions, where laborers refused to work until their demands were met by employers? | Strike |
| Why did Marxism lose its appeal to many workers? | Government reforms and benefits of capitalism made a revolution seem unnecessary |
| What were some major improvements to cities during the Second Industrial Revolution? | Cities installed sewage systems to control waste, and electric lights to make streets safe |
| What new theory did Charles Darwin have about the origin of plants, animals, and people? | Evolution |
| Louis Pasteur pioneered the idea that disease was caused by… | Germs |
| Which of the following is considered a founding figure in the field of psychology? | Sigmund Freud |
| The movement to end slavery is known as: | Abolitionism |
| Which of the following was a major focus of the first feminist movements? | Expanding property rights and suffrage to women |
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