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Gamete Production
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antrum | The fluid‑filled cavity that forms inside a maturing ovarian follicle during oogenesis. |
| Corpus luteum | The structure formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation; it secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy. |
| Oestrogen | A structure in the ovary that surrounds and nourishes the developing oocyte; it produces hormones such as oestrogen. |
| Meiosis I (females) | The first division of meiosis that reduces chromosome number and produces a secondary oocyte and a polar body. |
| Meiosis II (females) | The second meiotic division that occurs only if fertilisation happens, producing the mature ovum and another polar body. |
| Oocytes | Immature eggs |
| Oogenesis | The process by which the ovaries produce mature female gametes (ova or eggs). |
| Ovulation | The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary into the fallopian tube during the menstrual cycle. |
| Polar Body | A small, non‑functional cell produced during meiosis that contains excess chromosomes but very little cytoplasm. |
| Primary oocyte | A diploid cell formed before birth that begins meiosis I but pauses in prophase I until puberty. |
| Secondary Oocyte | The haploid cell produced after meiosis I at puberty; it is released during ovulation and will only complete meiosis II if fertilised. |
| Zona Pellucida | A thick, protective glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte that regulates sperm binding |
| Zygote | The diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilises the ovum; the first cell of a new organism |
| Oestrogen | Hormone that play a central role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system |
| Acrosome | A cap-like structure on the head of a sperm cell containing enzymes that help penetrate the egg |
| Crossing over | Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, increasing genetic diversity. |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm following nuclear division. |
| Diploid (2n) | Cell containing two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). |
| Epididymis | Coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored |
| Flagellum | Tail-like structure enabling sperm motility |
| Germ cell | Cells that gives rise to gametes |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosome pairs (one maternal, one paternal) with the same genes. |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - in males | Hormone stimulating testosterone production in males. |
| Meiosis | Cell division producing four genetically unique haploid cells. |
| Primary Spermatocyte | Diploid cell entering meiosis I in males |
| Puberty (males) | Developmental stage when spermatogenesis begins |
| Secondary Spermatocyte | Haploid cell produced after meiosis I in males |
| Seminiferous Tubules | Site of sperm production in the testes |
| Sertoli Cells | Supportive cells providing nourishment and structural support for developing sperm |
| Spermatid | Haploid cell that undergoes spermiogenesis to become a spermatozoon. |
| Testosterone | Hormone essential for spermatogenesis and male reproductive development |
| Spermatogonia | Male germ cells located in the base layer of seminiferous tubules; they divide to produce primary spermatocytes |
| Oogonia | Female germ cells found in the foetal ovary; they divide to produce primary oocytes, which then enter meiosis I and arrest until puberty. |
| Spermatozoa | Mature sperm |
| Interstitial cells/Leydig cells | Produce testosterone |
Created by:
Natalie.Hastings