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Stack #4651885
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is histology? | tissues |
| How are tissues classified? | |
| What are the four major tissue types? | |
| What are the embryonic germ layers and what do they form? | |
| Epithelial Tissue | |
| What are the characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue? | |
| How is epithelial tissue classified (layers & shape)? | |
| Histology = microscopic study of tissues | |
| Tissue classification based on cell structure, extracellular matrix, and function | |
| Four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous | |
| Endoderm → digestive lining; mesoderm → muscle, bone, blood vessels; ectoderm → skin, nervous system | |
| Protection, absorption, secretion, filtration | |
| Free surface, basal surface, basement membrane, avascular, regenerative | |
| Simple (1 layer), stratified (>1 layer), pseudostratified | |
| Shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar | |
| Microvilli → absorption, cilia → movement, folds → stretch | |
| Desmosomes → adhesion, tight junctions → barrier, gap junctions → communication | |
| Endocrine → hormones, exocrine → ducts | |
| Support, protection, transport | |
| Blast → build matrix, cyte → maintain, clast → break down | |
| ECM: collagen, elastic, reticular fibers; proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid | |
| Loose, dense, cartilage, bone, blood | |
| Hyaline → support, fibrocartilage → strong, elastic → flexible | |
| Collagen + hydroxyapatite; osteocytes; compact & spongy | |
| Plasma + RBCs, WBCs, platelets | |
| Skeletal → voluntary movement | |
| Cardiac → heart pumping | |
| Smooth → moves substances | |
| Neurons → transmit signals | |
| Neuroglia → support neurons | |
| Mucous → secrete mucus, serous → reduce friction, synovial → lubrication | |
| Redness, heat, swelling, pain | |
| Labile → divide often, stable → divide if needed, permanent → limited | |
| Primary repair → less scarring, secondary repair → more scarring | |
| Slower healing, less collagen, reduced flexibility | |
| Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D | |
| Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis | |
| Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans, Merkel | |
| Keratinization → cells harden, desquamation → shedding | |
| Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum | |
| Thick skin → palms/soles; thin skin → rest of body | |
| Melanin, carotene, blood flow | |
| Collagen, nerves, vessels | |
| Papillary, reticular | |
| Fat storage, insulation | |
| Protection, temperature regulation | |
| Sebaceous → oil, sweat → cooling | |
| Protection | |
| Protection, sensation, temperature control, vitamin D production | |
| Thinner skin, wrinkles | |
| First, second, third degree | |
| Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood production | |
| Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons | |
| Chondroblasts, chondrocytes | |
| Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts | |
| Compact, spongy | |
| Length → epiphyseal plate, width → appositional growth | |
| Calcium, vitamin D, hormones | |
| Osteoblasts + osteoclasts | |
| Hematoma → callus → ossification → remodeling | |
| Parathyroid ↑ Ca²⁺, calcitonin ↓ Ca²⁺ | |
| Loss of matrix, brittle bones | |
| Open, closed, complete, incomplete | |
| Processes, ridges, openings, depressions | |
| Axial, appendicular | |
| Protects brain | |
| Supports body, protects spinal cord | |
| Humerus, radius, ulna | |
| Femur, tibia, fibula | |
| Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial | |
| Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction | |
| Bone shape, ligaments, muscles | |
| Shoulder, hip, knee | |
| Less flexibility, slower repair | |
| Arthritis, gout | |
| What are skull structures and functions? | |
| What are vertebral column features? | |
| Limbs & Girdles | |
| What are major bones of upper and lower limbs? | |
| Joints | |
| What are classifications of joints? | |
| What are types of synovial joints? | |
| What movements can joints perform? | |
| What factors affect range of motion? | |
| What are major joints and their features? | |
| How does aging affect joints? | |
| What are common joint disorders? | |
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