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Fallacies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ad hominem | A personal attack of an individual instead of the issue at hand. |
| Bandwagon | urges the audience to accept a position because a majority of people already do. |
| Cause/Effect | Assume that the effect is related to a cause because the events occur together. |
| Begging the question or circular thinking | Assumes the idea you are trying to prove as being true . A restatement of the conclusion |
| either or thinking (false dilemma) | implies that one of two negative outcomes is inevitable |
| equivocation | allows a key word or term in an argument to have different meanings during the course of the argument |
| Hasty generalization | a broad conclusion is drawn from little evidence. creating false claims |
| non sequitur | irrelevant reasons are offered to support a claim, does not logically follow what is being stated above |
| red herring | introduces a topic unrelated to the claim |
| slippery slope | assumes a chain reaction of events which result in a terrible outcome. |
| straw man | states and opponents argument in an exaggerated form, or attacking a weaker, irrelevant portion of an opponents argument |
| false authority | a famous person endorsing something so it must be true |
| Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc | after this therefore because of this |
| Appeals to Ignorance | saying something must be true or false because their isn't evidence to support the claim |
| False Analogy | a comparison between two dissimilar things used to draw and incorrect conclusion. Because they share one feature doesn't mean they share all features. |