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BIOL chapter 8 terms

TermDefinition
Metazoans Multicellular phagotrophic heterotrophs with cells forming tissues
Parazoans Animals lacking true tissues
Eumetazoans Animals with true tissues and germ layers
Cnidaria Diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and nerve net
Bilateria Animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers
Protostomia Bilaterians where blastopore becomes mouth
Deuterostomia Bilaterians where blastopore becomes anus
Chordata Animals with notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post-anal tail, and pharyngeal openings
Notochord Flexible rod providing axial support and muscle attachment
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord Neural tube formed from ectoderm; precursor to spinal cord
Pharyngeal Gill Slits Openings used for feeding or respiration
Muscular Post-Anal Tail Tail extending beyond anus used for locomotion
Cephalochordata Basal chordates retaining all chordate traits throughout life
Urochordata Chordates with larval chordate traits lost during metamorphosis
Vertebrata Chordates with cranium, brain, and vertebral column
Myxini Basal vertebrates with simple cartilage structures
Petromyzontida Jawless vertebrates with cartilage support
Gnathostomata Jawed vertebrates with hinged jaws
Chondrichthyes Jawed vertebrates with cartilage skeleton
Placoderms Early jawed vertebrates with advanced features
Osteichthyes Bony fishes with ossified skeleton
Actinopterygii Ray-finned fishes with fins supported by bony rays
Actinistia Lobe-finned fishes with fleshy fins and internal bones
Dipnoi Lungfish with vascularized swim bladder functioning as lungs
Tetrapoda Vertebrates with four limbs adapted for land
Lissamphibia Early tetrapods with aquatic reproduction and moist skin
Amniota Tetrapods with amniotic egg allowing terrestrial reproduction
Amniotic Egg Egg with membranes supporting embryo development on land
Sauropsida Amniotes with waterproof skin and efficient respiration
Synapsida Lineage leading to mammals with temporal skull opening
Mammaliaformes Transitional forms with mammalian traits
Heterodont Dentition Different types of teeth specialized for function
Endothermy Ability to regulate internal body temperature
Lactation Production of milk to nourish offspring
Hox Gene Duplication Gene duplication increasing developmental complexity
Swim Bladder Gas-filled organ for buoyancy control
Lungs Respiratory organs evolved from vascularized swim bladder
Alveoli Structures increasing surface area for gas exchange
Rib Cage Ventilation Breathing mechanism using rib cage movement
Urea/Uric Acid Excretion Water-conserving nitrogen waste removal
Created by: user-1770278
 

 



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