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Blood Vessels
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Artery | Away from heart, take oxygenated blood, exception is pulmonary and umbilical cord (still arteries because it carries blood away from the heart) |
| Arterioles | Tiny arteries |
| Aorta | Biggest arteries |
| Veins | Carry blood to the heart from the body, deoxygenated, collect blood, pulmonary and umbilical are exceptions. |
| Venule | Tiny veins, |
| Capillaries | Diffusion, CO2, waste, nutrients, made of simple squamous, connects arterioles and venules. Have pores for diffusion, different sizes, digestive has large while brain has small, muscles have a lot for metabolism |
| Process essay of the blood flow | Aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venule -> vein -> vena cava |
| Veins vs. artery | 1. veins are outside of artery, veins will ooze, arteries are under high pressure and will explode. Arteries are more muscular. |
| Structure of a blood vessel | Tunica adventicia: outer layer, connective, thickest of vein, tunica media: muscles and thickest artery, tunica intima: simple squamous epithelium and thick layer in capillaries |
| Veins + Arteries flow | Valves help liquid flow unidirectionally, arteries depend on pressure, low pressure in veins so valves keep it moving. When muscles are compressed or squeeze will form a clot. |
| Blood pressure | Force of blood on arterial walls measured with sphygonmanometer. |
| Steps of BP | 1. Upper arm -> pump up until around 180 release until a thunk, then keep releasing until sound disappears doe diastole. |
| Factors that impact blood pressure: Heart Action | If heart rate is up and blood pressure goes up: the heart pumps a higher volume of blood into the arteries per minute (cardiac output), |
| Factors that impact blood pressure: Blood volume | Higher Blood volume higher pressure |
| Peripheral resistance | The resistance the circulatory system must overcome to push blood through the body, primarily managed by the constriction or dilation of arterioles |
| Viscosity | Thickness of blood, thicker = harder to pump |
| Pulse | 1. Expansion and recoil of the arteries to the changes in pressure and done by elastic fibers. |
| Heart Rate | Your heart rate is the number of times your heart squeezes per minute |
| Why they should be the same: | Even though they measure two different processes, your pulse rate and heart rate should be the same number. That’s because each heart squeeze normally pushes out blood with enough oomph to create a pulse. Heart rate should never be higher, vv= poor bf |
| Venous Blood Flow | the movement of blood through veins, which transport blood back to the heart under low pressure and typically contain valves to prevent backflow. This flow is characterized by convergent flow from smaller venules into larger veins, |
| Skeletal Muscle Contraction | contract to keep to keep blood moving |
| Breathing movement | Compress vena cava to drive blood through the respiratory pump, by altering pressure in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The diaphragm descends, lowering thoracic pressure (sucking blood up) and increasing abdominal pressure (squeezing blood up) |
| Central Venous Pressure | Pressure Measured in Right Atria, Low because it is from vein and Left ventricle is the highest because its the pumping chamber |
| Fetal Pathway | Umbilical vein -> umbilical cord-> liver ->hepatic -> aorta -> hepatic -> liver -> Umbiilical cord -> umbilical vein |
| Bypasses 1 | Foreman ovale: a small, flap-like, normal opening between the upper heart chambers (atria) in a fetus,, |
| Bypasses 2: | Ductus venosis: critical fetal vascular shunt connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava |
| Bypasses 3: | Ductus arteriosus is a vital fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass non-functional lungs |
Created by:
nuhaSalim