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Human Body
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antibiotic | medicines that fight bacterial infections |
| antibody | protein produced by the immune system to fight pathogens like viruses and bacteria |
| B cells | a type of white blood cell that makes infection-fighting proteins called antibodies |
| T cells | a type of white blood cell that help your immune system fight germs and protect you from disease, produced in bone marrow |
| memory B cells | a type of white blood cell that recognizes a specific pathogen (like a virus or bacteria) that has previously entered the body, allowing for a much faster and stronger defense if the same pathogen attacks again |
| non-specific immune response | the first and second lines of defense in our bodies, protect against a wide range of diseases, ex- fever, skin, inflammation, tears |
| pathogen | disease causing agent such as bacteria or virus |
| specific immune response | occur when the body responds to particular pathogens by distinguishing between “self” and “other”, inactivating or killing foreign substances/cells. |
| vaccine | a weak or dead pathogen is injected into the body allowing for immune response (antibodies), the antibodies remember the disease and can fight against it more effectively |
| virus | a microscopic infectious agent that replicates inside of living cells |
| cervix | the lower, narrow part of the uterus |
| embryo | early developmental stage, up to 8 weeks in human development |
| epididymis | a coiled tube located behind each testicle that stores and matures sperm |
| fallopian tube | thin tubs extending from the uterus to the ovaries, fertilization occurs here |
| fertilization | the fusing of an egg cell and a sperm cell to form a zygote |
| ovary | the female reproductive structure where egg cells are stored and matured |
| penis | the male reproductive organ used to deliver sperm to the female body |
| pregnancy | the time during which one or more offspring grow and develop inside the uterus (womb) |
| prostrate gland | a walnut-sized structure that contributes to seminal fluid |
| scrotum | a loose sac of skin that contains the testicles providing temperature control for sperm |
| testes | oval organs found in the scrotum where sperm and testosterone are produced |
| trimester | a 12-13 week period of time during a pregnancy |
| urethra | the tube that carries sperm and urine outside of the male body |
| vagina | the birth canal, joins the cervix to the outside of the female body |
| vas deferens | a long, coiled tube that transports and stores sperm until they mature |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| brain | complex organ acting as the body's command center, regulating vital functions like breathing and heart rate, while controlling movement, emotion, memory, and thought |
| brain stem | the lowest, stalk-like part of the brain connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord |
| cerebellum | located in back of the brain, coordinate voluntary movements, maintains balance, posture, and motor learning, and plays a role in cognitive functions like language |
| cerebrum | main part of brain, divided into four lobes |
| frontal lobe | the largest lobe in the human brain, serves as the control center for high-level cognitive functions, including decision-making, planning, problem-solving, personality expression, impulse control, and voluntary movement |
| medulla oblongata | control vital involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure |
| occipital lobe | primary center for processing, interpreting, and assigning meaning to visual stimuli |
| parietal lobe | processing somatosensory information—touch, pain, temperature, and pressure—and integrating sensory inputs for spatial awareness and navigation |
| pons | managing vital functions like breathing regulation, sleep cycles, and relaying sensory/motor signals for facial expressions, balance, hearing, taste, and swallowing |
| temporal lobe | located behind the ears, responsible for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory encoding |
| blood vessel | artery, vein, capillary; used to deliver blood from the heart to the body and back |
| cardiovascular | having to do with the heart or circulatory system |
| heart rate | the number of times the heart beats per minute |
| blood pressure | the force of blood pushing against artery walls as the heart pumps it through the body |
| blood viscosity | a measure of the thickness and stickiness of blood, determining its resistance to flow through vessels |
| cardiac output | the total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute |
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