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Ch 5 Periodic Law
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| group numbers | The numbers (1-18) located above the columns on the periodic table |
| period numbers | The numbers located on the left side of the periodic table next to each row; they match the outer energy level (n=_) |
| s block | Groups 1 & 2 whose electron config ends in s^1 or s^2 |
| p block | Groups 13-18 whose electron config. ends in p^1 through p^6 |
| d block | Groups 3-12 whose electron config ends in d^1 through d^10 |
| f block | The 2 rows down below whose electron config ends in f^1 through f^14 |
| alkali metals | Highly reactive, group 1 metals whose electron config ends in s^1; they are shiny and can be cut with a knife |
| alkaline earth metals | very reactive group 2 metals, but not as reactive as group 1 metals; electron config ends in s^2 |
| transition metals | Group 3-12 metals that are less reactive than alkali and alkaline earth metals because the d sublevel electrons |
| inner transition metals | block f elements located below the main table |
| lanthanides | top row of f block; elements have about same reactivity as alkaline earth elements |
| actinides | bottom row of the periodic table; all are radioactive and most are manmade |
| halogens | Group 17; highly reactive nonmetals; react vigorously with metals; electron config ends in s^2 p^5 |
| noble gases | Group 18; nonreactive due to a full outer shell w/8 electrons; electron config ends with s^2 p^6 |
| metal | an element that is usually silver, shiny, solid, and conducts heat & electricity, is ductile and malleable |
| mercury | the only metal that is a liquid at room temp. |
| nonmetal | an element that can be a solid, liquid or gas and is not good at conducting electricity and heat |
| periodic law | when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties appear in regular intervals |
| octet rule | atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to arrive at a full octet (8) of electrons (s^2 p^6) in the outer energy level |
| valence electrons | the electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| core electrons | all of the electrons located in the inner energy levels of an atom |
| radioactive | an element whose nucleus is not stable and will decompose producing radiation |
| atomic radius | half the distance between the nuclei of two identical elements bonded together |
| ionization energy | the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom and form a cation |
| electronegativity | the attractive force of the nucleus of one atom for the electron of another atom to which it is covalently bonded (shared electrons) |
| electron affinity | the energy released when an electron is added to an atom to form an anion |
| coulombic attraction | the force of attraction between a nucleus and its valence electrons |
Created by:
vcanfield
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