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Stack #4651470
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "arms race | Massive military build-up, especially of nuclear weapons, by both the Soviet Union and the United States in an effort to gain military superiority. |
| brinkmanship | Purposely escalating a dangerous situation to the limit ( brink), while giving the impression that you are willing to go to war, in the hope of pressuring your opponents to back down. |
| containment | Fundamental U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War in which the U.S. tried to contain Communism by preventing it from spreading to other countries. |
| crisis | A DP History exam term that means a flashpoint that involves different countries and has the potential to lead to a wider conflict. Examples |
| DEFCON | Stands for "Defense Readiness Condition" The term is followed by a number (1-5) which informs the U.S. military to the severity of the threat, DEFCON 5 means normal, peacetime readiness to DEFCON 1 warning the need for maximum force readiness (ex. war) |
| detente | The relaxing of tension between the superpowers from 1969-1979 |
| Deterrence theory | |
| Domino theory | The belief that if the United States allowed one country to fall to Communism, then many more would follow suit, like a row of dominoes. |
| Eastern/Soviet Bloc | Group of eastern European countries that were aligned militarily, politically, economically, and culturally with the Soviet Union approximately from 45'-90'. Members included Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, E. Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia. |
| flexible response | |
| glasnost | A policy promoted during the latter half of the 80s in USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev in which government secrecy (which had characterized the past several decades of Soviet policy) was discouraged and open discussion and distribution of info was encouraged. M |
| Grand Alliance | Alliance between the US, UK and USSR during WWII. Starts to break down in 1943. |
| guerrilla warfare | a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by a small band of warriors using tactics, such as sudden ambushes |
| House Un-American Activities Committee | HUAC was problematically used in early years of Cold War to investigate those suspected of having ties to Communism or of being Soviet agents |
| ICBM | Intercontinental ballistic missiles were missiles that could carry nuclear bombs across thousands of miles. |
| Iron Curtain | A term used by Winston Churchill in a speech to describe the growing divide between western democracies and Soviet-influenced states. |
| Kremlin | The physical buildings where the Soviet government operated. Used to refer to the Russian Government. Similar to referring to “The White House”. |
| Marshall Plan | (1947-1951) US sends over $12 billion to Western European countries to help them rebuild after WWII and to encourage them to ally with US. |
| massive retaliation | A primary component of Eisenhower’s foreign policy. Threatened massive Nuclear Retaliation against the Soviet Union for any Communist aggression abroad. |
| McCarthyism | (1950–54) Campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Sen. Joseph McCarthy. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party. |
| military-industrial complex | Term coined & criticized by IKE in farewell address. It is the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. Both sides benefit—1 side from obtaining |
| mutually assured destruction (MAD) | The guarantee that if 1 superpower launched a massive nuclear attack, the other would reciprocate with a massive nuclear attack, and both countries would be destroyed. Ultimately became the prime deterrent against a nuclear war btwn the 2 superpowers. |
| NATO | |
| peaceful co-existence | Proposed by Khrushchev in 56'. USSR and Ch developed the concept as a mechanism for communist states to coexist with capitalist states and in the case of Ch, w/ regional powers. *In direct contrast w/ theories of mutual antagonistic agg. that stated the 2 |
| perestroika | Introduced in 1987 by Mikhail Gorbachev, an economic policy to decentralize the Soviet economy. The term translates to ""restructuring"" in Russian. |
| proxy war | A war fought between groups or smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these. Examples |
| SALT | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were negotiations from 1969-1979 between the Soviet Union and the United States to limit the number of newly created nuclear weapons. |
| Sino | Chinese |
| Space Race | (1955-1975) Technological/Scientific battle between US and USSR to achieve superior spaceflight capability. |
| Sputnik | Launched by USSR1957,(Russian for “traveler”), the world’s first artificial satellite and the first man-made object to be placed into the Earth’s orbit. |
| Star Wars | Nickname of U.S. President Ronald Reagan's plan to research, develop, and build a space-based system that could destroy incoming nuclear missiles. Introduced March 23, 1983, and officially called the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). |
| superpower | A country that dominates in political and military power. During the Cold War, there were two superpowers |
| Warsaw Pact | Collective defense treaty between USSR and Soviet bloc countries." |
Created by:
havent