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Foreign Policy 4.1/2
Vocabulary from Florida Benchmark SS.7.CG.4.1/4.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| International relations | the study of how countries, organizations, and people interact across borders. It focuses on global politics, diplomacy, trade, and conflict resolution, aiming to understand how nations manage security, economics, and cooperation |
| Domestic policy | the decisions, laws, and programs a government implements to address internal issues within its own borders |
| Foreign policy | a government’s strategy for interacting with other nations to protect its own interests, security, and economy |
| National interest | a country's core goals and ambitions—primarily survival, security, economic prosperity, and cultural identity—that its government seeks to protect and advance in the global arena. It is part of the foundation of a nation's foreign policy |
| Alliances | formal agreements or partnerships between countries, groups, or individuals to work together for a common purpose, such as mutual defense, economic gain, or political goals |
| Allies | a person, group, or nation that helps, supports, or cooperates with another, especially in a time of need, conflict, or to achieve a common goal |
| Ambassadors | the highest-ranking diplomat sent by one country to live in and represent their government in another country |
| Department of State | the federal executive agency responsible for managing American foreign policy and international relations |
| Diplomacy | the art of managing relationships between countries or groups through negotiation, dialogue, and tact, rather than force |
| Diplomats | an official representative of their home government sent to a foreign country to manage relationships, negotiate agreements, and protect their nation's interests, citizens, and trade |
| Doctrine | a formal set of beliefs, principles, or teachings held and promoted by a group, such as a religion, government, or school of thought; it acts as a guide or framework for a nation to follow |
| Embassy | an official office and home base for a country’s diplomats (led by an ambassador) located in the capital city of another country |
| Executive order (EO) | Presidential written directive; manages how the government operates; EOs act like law, allowing the president to instruct agencies on policy, enforcement, or administration. Congressional approval not required, though it must respect current law. |
| Treaty | formal, written, and legally binding agreement between two or more countries or international organizations. It acts as a contract under international law to settle disputes, create alliances, trade, or establish peace. |
| Sanctions | penalties or restrictions imposed by one country, or a group of countries, against another country, organization, or individual to change their behavior, punish unlawful actions, or enforce international law |
| International organizations | formal group formed by three or more sovereign states through a treaty or agreement to pursue common goals, such as peace, economic development, or security |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | a political and military alliance established between the United States and other Western democracies in 1949 to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through collective security and defense |
| United Nations (UN) | a global organization formed in 1945 to maintain international peace and security. It acts as a forum for nations to solve problems together, such as avoiding war, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, and promoting sustainable development |
| International Court of Justice (ICJ) | also called the "World Court," is the main judicial organ of the United Nations (UN) established in 1945. It settles legal disputes between sovereign states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred by UN bodies |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | Established in 1995, it acts as a forum for negotiating trade agreements, settles trade disputes, and sets rules to ensure trade flows as smoothly and freely as possible. It is the only global international organization dealing with globalization |
| Globalization | the process by which the world becomes more interconnected through faster trade, travel, and communication |
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | 1994 pact between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico that eliminated most tariffs and trade barriers to make it easier and cheaper to buy/sell goods between the three countries |
| United States Canada Mexico Agreement (USMCA) | 2020 free trade pact replacing NAFTA that sets modern rules for commerce between the three nations. It facilitates easier, lower-tariff trade; focuses specifically on farming, manufacturing higher regional content for cars, and better labor protections |
| International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | the world's largest independent humanitarian network, dedicated to protecting life, health, and dignity during wars and natural disasters. Due to its neutrality, it serves all people in need regardless of nationality, race, religion, or political views. |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | a specialized UN agency established in 1948, acting as the global leader on public health; it connects countries to set health standards, coordinate responses to health emergencies, and promote universal health coverage to ensure the health of all people |
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CivicsDAOF