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Pharmacology 1

Chapter one- Penn Foster Pharmacology Vet Tech

QuestionAnswer
Agonist A drug that activates certain receptors and causes a specific action to occur
Antagonist A drug that blocks another drug combining with a receptor and prevents a specific action from occuring
Indications Reasons for using a drug
Contraindications Reasons for not using drug/drugs
Binder Holds a tablet together ex: cellulose, lactolose, methylcellulose, sorbitol, startch, xylitol
Coating Protects the tablet from breaking, absorbing moisture, or disintegrating early ex: Beeswax, carob extract, methylcellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, and others
Coloring Agents Provide color and enhance appearence. Ex: Yellow No. 5, annatto, caramel color, titanium oxide, FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Red No. 3, and others
Disintegrants Expand when exposed to liquid, allowing tablets and capsules to dissolve and disperse their active ingredients. Ex: Cellulose products, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and starch
Emulsifiers Allow fat-soluble and water-soluble agents to mix so they do not separate. Ex: separate Stearic acid, xanthan gum, lethicin, and vegetable oils
Fillers/diluents Allow fat-soluble and water-soluble agents to mix so they do not separate. Ex: Calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, cellulose lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, starch, sucrose, and vegetable oils
Flavor agents Create a desired taste or mask an undesirable taste. Ex: Beeswax, carob extract, glyceryl triacetate, and natural orange
Flow agents Create a desired taste or mask an undesirable taste. Ex: Calcium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, polyethylene glycol, silica, sodium benzoate, and talc
Humectants Hold moisture in a product. Ex: Glycerin, glycerol, glycerol triacetate, and sorbitol
Preservatives Prevent degradation and extend the shelf life of a product. Ex: Citric acid, glycerol, potassium benzoate, sodium benzoate, and others
Sweetening agents Improve taste. Ex: Aspartate, fructose, glycerin, sorbitol, sucrose, and xylitol
Thickening agents Increase the viscosity of a product. Ex: Methylcellulose, povidone, sorbitol, and others
Efficacy The degree to which the drug produces the desired response in the patient
Therapeutic Index The relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve the desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effects.
Over-the-counter Drugs Drugs that do not have enough potential to be toxic or that do not require administration in special ways do not require the supervision of a veterinarian for administration. These have low concentrations of the active ingrediants
Prescription (Legend) Drug When a drug has potential toxic effects or must be administered in a way that requires the services of trained personnel, that drug cannot be approved for animal use except when given under the supervision of a veterinarian.
Receptor Is a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect
Withdrawal Time Drugs intended for animals that may later be consumed by humans must have the appropriate withdrawal time listed on the insert or label
Veterinarian-Client-Patient-Relationship (VCPR) Must exist for a veterinarian to prescribe a patient medication
List Four Sources of Drugs Commonly Found in Veterinary Medicine Plants, minerals, bacteria, and mold.
What are four components of a drug regimen? The route of administration, the total dose given, the frequency given, and the duration the drug is given.
Oxidation Loss of electrons
Reduction Gain of electrons
Hydrolysis Splitting of the drug molecule and addition of a water molecule to each of the split portions
Conjugation The addition of glucuronic acid or similar compounds to the drug molecule; when these compounds are attached to a drug molecule, the drug becomes much more water soluble
Created by: Radicalentity888
 

 



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