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(FULL) thermodynamic
chemistry unit vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thermodynamics | the relationships and conversions between heat, work, and energy within systems |
| calorimetry | process of determining how energy moves in a thermodynamic system |
| lewis structure | visual representation of a molecule's valence electron arrangement, showing how atoms are bonded and where lone pairs exist |
| stoichiometry | calculating relationships between reactants and products based off of the law of conservation of mass |
| specific heat capacity | the energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a chemical by 1 degree celcius |
| melting | S > L |
| freezing | L > S |
| vaporization | L > G |
| condensation | G > L |
| sublimation | S > G |
| deposition | G > S |
| state of matter | the physical forms of matter (S, L, G) |
| critical point | point in phase diagram where liquid and gas reach temperature equilibium |
| triple point | point in phase diagram where solid, liquid, and gas all connect and reach equillibrium |
| open system | matter can enter and leave and energy can heat and work |
| closed system | matter cannot enter or leave but energy can heat and work |
| system | the actual experiement |
| surroundings | everything around the experiment |
| thermal equilibrium | when two objects reach the same temperature |
| 0th law (thermodynamics) | 2 objects at thermal equilibrium with a substance are at thermal equilibrium with each other |
| 1st law (thermodynamics) | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| 2nd law (thermodynamics) | the entropy of a close system is always increasing |
| 3rd law (thermodynamics) | the entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is 0 |
| enthalpy | energy content of a system |
| entropy | number of ways a system can arrange itself (the more entropy, the more favorable) |
| exothermic | releases heat |
| endothermic | absorbs heat |
| kinetic energy | in motion energy |
| potential energy | ready to be released energy |
| heat | movement of energy (ex: hot to cold) |
| temperature | average kinetic energy of the particles in a system |
| energy | ability to do work |
| delta H | the change in enthalpy |
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