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rise of dictators
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fascism definition | A political movement promoting extreme nationalism, denial of individual rights, and dictatorial one-party rule with loyalty to the state and its leader |
| When did Italy become fascist and under who | 1922 under Benito Mussolini |
| When did Germany become fascist and under who | 1933 under Adolf Hitler |
| When did Spain become fascist and under who | 1939 under Francisco Franco |
| Why did people turn to fascist leaders | Economic problems, instability, and desire for strong leadership |
| Political characteristics of fascism | Nationalism, racism (Nazism), one-party rule, supreme leader |
| Economic characteristics of fascism | State-controlled economy through corporations or state-run capitalism |
| Social characteristics of fascism | Supported by middle class, industrialists, and military; censorship of press; control of education |
| Basic principles of fascism | State above individual, authoritarianism, action-oriented |
| Who was Benito Mussolini | Leader of fascist Italy known as Il Duce |
| Why did Mussolini gain support | Promised to fix economy and rebuild military after WWI dissatisfaction |
| When was the Fascist Party founded | 1919 |
| What was the March on Rome | 1922 march with ~30,000 supporters forcing King Victor Emmanuel III to give Mussolini power |
| How did Mussolini maintain power | Used force, terror, secret police, censorship, and eliminated opposition |
| What political actions did Mussolini take | Banned all parties except Fascists, jailed opponents, outlawed strikes |
| How did Mussolini control media | Censored radio and publications to spread fascist ideas |
| How did Mussolini control the economy | Worked with industrialists and landowners |
| Who was Adolf Hitler | Austrian-born WWI veteran and leader of Nazi Germany |
| What party did Hitler join | National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) |
| What happened in 1923 with Hitler | Failed takeover, arrested, wrote Mein Kampf in prison |
| What did Hitler promise | Lebensraum (living space) for Germans |
| How did Hitler become Chancellor | Appointed in 1933 by President Hindenburg |
| Was Hitler elected legally | Yes |
| What was the SS | Schutzstaffel, Hitler’s protection squad used for violence and control |
| What economic actions did Hitler take | Reduced unemployment, controlled business and labor, rebuilt military |
| How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles | Rebuilt the German military |
| What is anti-Semitism | Hatred of Jewish people |
| How were Jews treated under Hitler | Lost rights, blamed for WWI, persecuted |
| What were the Nuremberg Laws | 1935 laws removing Jewish rights |
| What was Kristallnacht | November 9, 1938 attack on Jews and their property |
| Who was Hideki Tojo | Military leader of Japan |
| Was Japan fascist | No, it was feudalism |
| What was Japan’s government like in the 1920s | More democratic with limited prime minister power |
| Who controlled Japan’s military | Reported directly to the emperor |
| Why did the military gain control | Economic crisis after 1929 |
| Who remained head of state in Japan | Emperor Hirohito |
| Why did Japan expand | Needed raw materials and wanted an empire |
| What happened in Manchuria in 1931 | Japan invaded for resources |
| How did the League of Nations respond to Manchuria | Protested but did nothing; Japan withdrew |
| What happened in China in 1937 | Japan invaded and captured major cities like Beijing and Nanjing |
| How did the League respond to China invasion | Did nothing |
| Where did Japan expand after China | Southeast Asia for resources |
| Who were the important dictators in this era | Mussolini, Hitler, Tojo |
| Where was Benito Mussolini from | Italy |
| What was Mussolini | WWI veteran, dictator (Il Duce) |
| What political party did Mussolini start | Fascist Party (1919) |
| When was Mussolini in power | 1922–1943 |
| Why did Mussolini become leader | Promised to fix economy, restore strength, post-WWI anger |
| What conditions existed in Italy | Economic crisis, unemployment, weak gov, unrest |
| Who made up fascist party in Italy | Middle class, industrialists, military, nationalists |
| Two political changes in Italy under fascism | One-party rule, censorship/secret police |
| One economic change in Italy under fascism | State control with industrialist cooperation |
| Two foreign policy goals of Italy | Expand empire, rebuild military |
| What conditions existed in Japan after WWI | Economic issues, instability, weak civilian gov |
| Who made up new gov in Japan | Military leaders, emperor figurehead |
| Two political changes in Japan under Tojo | Military control, reduced democracy |
| One economic change in Japan under Tojo | Economy focused on war/industrial growth |
| Two foreign policy goals of Japan | Expand empire, gain resources |
| What conditions existed in Germany after WWI | Depression, unemployment, anger at Treaty of Versailles |
| Who was Hitler before/after 1933 | WWI vet, Nazi leader → Chancellor (dictator) |
| Who made up fascist party in Germany | Nazis: nationalists, middle class, workers |
| Two political changes in Germany under Nazis | One-party state, suppression of opposition |
| One economic change in Germany | Job growth via rearmament/public works |
| Two foreign policy goals of Germany | Expand territory (Lebensraum), rebuild military |
Created by:
markoii