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Animals
Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diploblast | animals whose embryos have two types of tissue |
| Tripoblast | animals whose embryos have three types of tissue |
| Endoderm | connection to digestive track ex: liver , gut |
| Ectoderm | gives rise to skin and nervous system |
| Mesoderm | in between endoderm and ectoderm middle of the skin ex muscles and organs |
| 4 sources of evidence | Fossils, comparative morphology, comparative development, comparative geonomics |
| Detritivores | feed on dead organic matter |
| Herbivores | feed on plants or algae |
| Carnivores | feed on animals |
| Omnivores | feed on a variety of organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and/or bacteria |
| Most carnivores are | predators |
| Deposit feeders | digest organic matter in sediments |
| Mass feeders | ingest chunks of food |
| Hydrostatic skeletons | derive support from a flexible body wall in tension surrounding a fluid or soft tissue under compression. They occur mostly in soft-bodied organisms such as sea anemones, earthworms, and octopuses. |
| Endoskeletons | derive support from rigid structures inside the body, such as bones in vertebrates and spicules in sponges. |
| Exoskeletons | derive support from rigid structures on the outside of the body, such as the external armor of arthropods. |
| Magnetic field | Many birds, sea turtles, sea slugs, and other animals can detect Earth’s magnetic field and use it as an aid in navigation |
| Electric field | Some aquatic predators, such as sharks, are so sensitive to electric fields that they can detect electrical activity in the muscles of passing prey |
| Barometric pressure | Some birds can sense changes in air pressure, which may aid them in avoiding storms. |
| Ectoparasites | live on the outside of their hosts, usually have limbs or mouthparts that allow them to grasp the host |
| Endoparasites | live inside their hosts and usually have simple, wormlike bodies |
| Suspension Feeders | capture food by filtering out particles floating in water or drifting through air |
| Fluid Feeders | suck up or mop up liquids |
| Viviparous | species gives birth through live young |
| Oviparous | species deposited fertilized eggs |
| Amniotic eggs | have four membranes with four distinct functions. |
| Amnion | contains the embryo |
| The yolk sac | contains nutrients |
| Allantois | contains waste from the embryo |
| Chorion | allows gas exchange |
| What is special about marcupials | Youngs spend more time developing on the outside the mothers body than on the inside |
| Adult echnioderm | posses a ring of nerve cells around the mouth |
| Adult urochordates | sessile and saclike, whereas others are |
| Cephalochordates (lancelets) | look like fish but are benthic invertebrates; juvenile cephalochordates are planktonic larvae |
| Hemichordates | acorn worms, which burrow in marine sands or muds and make their living by deposit feeding or suspension feeding |
| Key innovation in vertebrates | large, three-part brain, protected by a hard cranium |