Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
RAD102 Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A type of condition or trait present at birth, whether inherited or developed during fetal life. | Congenital |
| A type of condition caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites (e.g., pneumonia, HIV/AIDS). | Infectious Disease |
| A disorder caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individual’s DNA. | Genetic |
| Relating to abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth forming a neoplasm (tumor), which may be benign or malignant. | Neoplastic |
| A type of disorder caused by lack of a specific nutrient or substance needed for normal body function. | Deficiency |
| A type of disorder that disrupts normal metabolism (the body’s chemical processes for energy and building tissues). | Metabolic |
| A type of condition characterized by progressive deterioration of cells, tissues, or organs over time. | Degenerative |
| A type of disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues. | Autoimmmune |
| A type of disorder affecting mood, thinking, or behavior that impairs functioning. | Mental |
| Levels of structures of the body: smallest to biggest. | Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism |
| What is the most common lethal nosocomial infection? | Hospital Acquired Pneumonia |
| List the structures that are protected within the bony thorax. | Heart, lungs, and major vessels (such as the aorta and vena cava). |
| This condition should be regarded as a sign of an important underlying condition, not as a disease entity | Pleural Effusion |
| This procedure helps alleviate and drain fluid within the pleural cavity: | Thoracentesis |
| Palpable anatomical landmarks (chest & abdomen positioning): | Suprasternal (jugular) notch, clavicles, sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process), costal margins, and iliac crests. |
| What are the 4 major quadrants of the abdomen | Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) |
| Which quadrant is the spleen found? | RUQ |
| Which quadrant is the stomach found? | LUQ |
| Which quadrant is the kidneys found? | LUQ and RUQ |
| Which quadrant is the small bowel found? | RLQ and LLQ |
| List routine projections for the chest. | Routine chest projections (list): Posteroanterior (PA), Lateral (usually left), Anteroposterior (AP) – when patient cannot stand, Lordotic – for lung apices |
| List routine projections for ribs-upper and lower. | Upper ribs views: AP, Posterior Oblique, Anterior Oblique Lower ribs views: AP, Posterior Oblique, Anterior Oblique |
| List routine projections for the sternum. | PA (or PA oblique) and lateral. |
| List routine projections for the abdomen. | supine (AP), upright (AP), and lateral decubitus. |
| List routine projections for the SC joints. | PA and bilateral oblique (RAO/LAO). |
| List routine projections for the fingers and hand. | PA, lateral, and oblique |
| List routine projections for the forearm and elbow. | AP, oblique, and lateral. |
| List routine projections for the humerus + trauma. | AP and lateral (trauma may include a decubitus lateral). |
| List routine projections for the shoulder. | AP Internal, Grashey, lateral (scapular Y), and axillary. |
| List routine projections of the AC joints. | Bilateral AP with and without weights. |
| List routine projections of the clavicle. | AP and AP axial. |
| List routine projections of the scapula. | AP and lateral (scapular Y). |
| Provides comprehensive care including trauma, specialty services, and 24-hour coverage; usually teaching hospitals. | Level 1 Hospital |
| Provides limited specialty care, handles most emergencies, but may transfer complex cases. | Level 2 Hospital |
| Provides basic care, stabilizes patients, and transfers serious cases to higher-level hospitals. | Level 3 Hospital |
| toward the front of the body | Anterior |
| toward the back of the body | Posterior |
| above or toward the head | Superior |
| below or toward the feet | Inferior |
| toward the midline of the body | Medial |
| away from the midline of the body | Lateral |
| closer to the point of attachment or origin | Proximal |
| farther from the point of attachment or origin | Distal |
| List the carpal bones. | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. |
| List the tarsal bones. | talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform. |
| a break straight across the bone | Transverse Fracture |
| a break at an angle across the bone | Oblique Fracture |
| a fracture that twists around the bone | Spiral Fracture |
| the bone is broken into multiple pieces | Comminuted Fracture |
| an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and cracks, common in children | Greenstick Fracture |
| For a scaphoid study of the wrist, what views are required | PA, Lat, Oblique, PA Ulnar Deviation |
| For a carpal study of the wrist, what views are required | PA, Lat, Oblique, Tangential Carpal view |
| What angle is used for an Axial Clavicle view | 15 cephalic |
| Osteoclastomas appear as what on xrays | A bubble effect on the bone |
| "Runner's knee" is formally known as _______________. | Chondromalacia patellae |
| The axial view of the calcaneus requires you to angle the x-ray tube __________ (to) the calcaneus. | Towards |
| Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that requires an INCREASE in technique when radiographing the chest. | False |
| How big must a tumor be in order to be seen on a general radiograph? | 6 mm |
| Which modality if preferred when monitoring tumor growths over time? | CT |
| How many ribs are considered to be "true ribs," in that they connect directly to the sternum via costocartilage? | 7 |
| Chest trauma that affects at least 2 ribs and is associated to pulmonary injury is known as | Flail Chest |
| How many posterior ribs should be seen on a rib series ABOVE the diaphragm? | 9 |
| A PA projection of the SC joints should be taken on | Expiration |
| Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney? | Position of the liver |
| In which of the 4 major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found? | LRQ |
| Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? | Ascites |
| How many individual body systems comprise the human body? | 10 |
| For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest? | 7 inches inferior to Vertebral Prominence |
| A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the anatomical part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor. | Parallel |
| Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? | Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? |
| A “skier’s thumb” is an injury of the: | Ulnar Collateral Ligament |
| Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? | Pronation of the hand or forearm |
| What does the acronym "ORIF" stand for? | Open Reduction Internal Fixation |
| Which is the only digit that we perform an AP view of instead of PA? | 1st digit/ Thumb |
| Why must the lower limbs be rotated 15 to 20 degrees internally for AP pelvis projection (nontrauma)? | To place the femoral necks parallel to the image receptor |
| Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? | Ischium, Pubis, Ilium |
| Which of the following pathologic conditions is a common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis? | Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease |
| Which of the following conditions will produce shortening of the epiphyses but widening of the epiphyseal plate? | Slipped Capital femur |
| What type of CR angle must be used for an AP axial “outlet” projection for a male patient? | 20-35 cephalad |
| A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph? | Left rotation |
| When performing the inferiosuperior lateral hip projection (trauma), what should you do with the unaffected leg? | Raise higher out of view |
| Which side of the arm is positioned against the IR for the lateral second finger projection? | Radial Side/Lateral side |
Created by:
rbats