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court cases APUSH
extra credit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review |
| Fletcher v. Peck (1810) | The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upholds the sanctity of contracts. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. Institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax involves the power to destroy." |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University's original charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations from domination by state governments. upholds Fletcher v Peck |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Affirmed federal control of interstate commerce under commerce clause of the Constitution. |
| Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) | Established that Indian tribes had rights to tribal lands that preceded all other American law; only the federal government could take land from the tribes. |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) | The Supreme Court ruled that Indians were not independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government. From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal government. |
| Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | Held that Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty; ignored by the Jackson administration. |
| Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) | Supreme court ruled that the interests of the community were more important than the interests of business |
| Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) | Declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon. |
| Scott v. Sanford (1857) | The Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories. |
| Ex parte Milligan (1866) | Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available. |
| Civil Rights Cases of 1883. (A single decision on a group of cases with similar legal problems) | Legalized segregation with regard to private property |
| Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886) | Declared state-passed Granger laws that regulated interstate commerce unconstitutional |
| Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co. v. Minnesota (1890) | Found that Granger law regulations were violations of the 5th Amendment right to property. |
| Pollock v. The Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. (1895) | Declared the income tax under the Wilson-Gorman Tariff to be unconstitutional. |
| U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) | Due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the Court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |
| "Insular Cases" / Downes v. Bidwell (1901) | The Constitution does not necessarily apply in matters concerning US Territories. "the Constitution does not follow the flag". place tarriffs on goods entering the U.S from U.S territories |
| Northern Securities Co. v. U.S. (1904) | Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. |
| Lockner v. New York | Supreme court ruling that overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour work day due to violation of 14th amendment rights |
| Muller v. Oregon (1908) | First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns. |
| Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority. |
| Schenck v. U. S. (1919) | Limited free speech during wartime. Upheld Espionage Act |
| Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923) | Declared it unconstitutional for a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract. (reversed Muller v Oregon) |
| Schechter v. U. S. (1936) (sick chicken case) | Unanimously declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) unconstitutional on three grounds |
| Korematsu v. U. S. (1941) | The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2. |
| Ex Parte EndEx Parte Endo | The court forbade the internment of Japanese-Americans born in the U.S. |
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | Overrules Plessy v. Ferguson (no stare decisis). Racial segregation violates 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause ("separate is inherently unequal") |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay. |
| Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) | Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police. |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent. Miranda Rights |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons. |
| U.S. v. Nixon (1974) | Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, holding that no absolute constitutional executive privilege allows a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial |
| Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978) | upheld affirmative action programs that used race to select participants, very weak decision |
| Clinton v. Jones (1997) | The president may be sued for actions taken before he became president |
| Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) | A private organization is allowed, under certain criteria, to exclude a person from membership through their First Amendment right to freedom of association in spite of state antidiscrimination laws. |
| Bush v. Gore (2000) | Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000. Meant Bush would win the election. |
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