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PK Midterm

QuestionAnswer
What makes a product successful in the US market? The perception that the product will provide benefits that the consumer wants.
In the FDA's new classification scheme, a leave-on cream or lotion is classified as ____________ ; whereas, a rinse-off shampoo is classified as a ____________ Cosmetic, Personal Care product
In 2023, MoCRA legislation passed in the US which will great effect our industry. Which statement is INCORRECT? MoCRA transfers many of the FDA responsibilities (mostly enforcement) to the regulators in individual states
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Product Development: It is required that a Product Formulator have a Chemistry degree (either B.S. or Ph.D.
Which of the following product claims would be classified as a "drug" according to the FDA? A shampoo that treats your scalp and reduces the amount of dandruff.
These two brands are highly competitive in the global market with annual sales exceeding $6 Billion Dove and Nivea
Which is a FALSE statement about using an empirical approach to problem solving? Empirical approaches use the scientific method by performing hypothesis testing
Which the following are typical "unmet needs" for a consumer who is looking to purchase a hand and body lotion A: Lower Cost (Price) B: Decreased Skin Sensitivity (Safety) D: Packaging using Recycled Materials (Environmental Impact)
What product strategy is also known as a "Consumer Pull" when delivering benefits? Deductive Innovation
On the back label of a bottle of Aveeno shampoo, how would you expect the ingredients to be listed? In decreasing mass percentage using the official INCI names
Many Hair Rinse Conditioners use a molecule called a "Quat" with the following structure. XXX What Element is NOT Present in this molecule? Oxygen
Palm Oil that has been RSPO certified is considered to be a "sustainable". What is the RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil)? A partnership between NGOs and raw material suppliers to define what sustainable Palm Oil is.
Brewed tea has a pH of 6.0. When citric acid is added, it becomes lighter in color indicating that a reaction has occurred. What do you expect the pH to be? Less than pH 6.0
Olive Oil contains a high level of C18:1 triglycerides. In this nomenclature, the "18" refers to ____________ and the "1" refers to ____________ . Carbon Chain length found on the individual fatty acids, The number of double bonds (unsaturation) on each fatty acid
Which natural-sourced triglyceride has the highest volume feedstock for consumer products? Palm Kernel (includes Palm and Coconut Oil since both have a similar carbon chain
Glycerin is a thick clear liquid that is... Soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding
Glycerin has the following structure. What is its molecular formula? C3H8O3
An unsaturated fatty acid from a natural feedstock always contains A carboxylic acid group
What is hydrogen bonding in water? It is a weak bond between water's hydrogen (with a partial positive charge) and another negatively charged species which can be either fully or partially charged.
What property changes the melting point of a triglyceride the most? Degree of unsaturation (total number of double bonds
Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine has the following structure. What class of surfactant is it? Zwitterionic (or Amphoteric)
Many natural oils are "winterized" to safely remove unwanted long chain waxes (this process also improves their transparency). What is another name for this process? Fractionation
Soap scum in your dorm room shower is... A precipitate of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with the bar soap that people use.
Which is NOT true about glycerin soaps (clear bars)? The high level of glycerin helps moisturize the skin
Which of these statements regarding surfactants is NOT true? The charged headgroup in an cationic surfactant is hydrophobic
The longer the ethoxylated (EO) chain is on a surfactant ... The more water soluble it will be
What is the type of bonding is between water molecules and the hydrophilic portions of surfactants? Hydrogen Bonding
Which of the following surfactants is Sulfate-free, Ethoxylate-Free and is 100% natural-sourced. Decylglucoside
Burt's Bees is proud that their Tear-free Shampoo does not contain any Dioxane. What class of surfactants is NOT allowed to be use per this claim? Ethoxylated surfactants
What is the difference between Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)? SLES contains some ethoxylation; whereas, SLS has none.
Which of the following ingredients thickens by its polymer chain uncoiling when the pH is increased to >6.0. Acrylates Copolymer, Carbomers and other similar Polyacrylate Polymers
When you add salt to your body wash formulation, what do you expect to happen to the rod micelles? The rod micelles will get longer and become more entangled.
What type of water is most commonly used in the production of Personal Care Products in the US? UV Irradiated Water
Which surfactant system do you expect to be the most irritating on skin? 9.0% Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Which is NOT a property of rod micelles....? They have a yield point that is large enough to suspend particles such as wax beads
Which of the following properties of surfactants is BEST at predicting a trend in irritation or mildness? The degree of mildness is proportional to the size of the hydrophilic head group on the surfactant
hampoos are "shear thinning", a property that allows a thick liquid to be easily poured. Which of the following is the best explanation of what happens? It thins due to a breakdown of the liquid's "elastic" structure
Finesse shampoo uses an ingredient called Ammonium Laureth Sulfate. What is the role of ammonium in this formulation? It is the spectator ion with the anionic surfactant
What accelerated aging condition is commonly accepted as equivalent to 3 years shelf stability at room temperature? 3 months at 43°C/110°F
CAP (Cocamidopropyl) Betaine is found in almost every body wash in the market. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CAP Betaine? The cationic portion of the head group is actually more hydrophobic than the tail group.
Why are emulsions typically opaque and white? The droplets scatter light because they have a different refractive index than the continuous phase
What is NOT an advantage of an emulsion? Manufacturing processes are easy (that is simple and "robust" to changes in making procedure).
Why do most hand and body lotions sold in the US market contain roughly 5-20% oils in their formulation? Even though a broad range of oil levels are possible, most companies prefer formulas with low oil levels to improve profitability.
Emulsifiers that have charges (such as anionic or cationic) help stabilize an emulsion by a ____________ mechanism; whereas, ethoxylated emulsifiers help stabilize by a ____________ mechanism. Electrostatic, Steric
Please rank the following mixers from lowest shear to highest shear Sweep Mixer < Lightning Mixer (Propeller) < Homogenizer < Colloid Mill
Which of the following emulsifiers improves stability by increasing electro-static repulsions between droplets? Sodium Stearate (or Stearic Acid)
Formulators are checking under the microscope how the appearance of the emulsion relates to the emulsion thickness. What technical measurement is related to one of the thickening mechanism in emulsions? Volume Fraction
Which is NOT a way to thicken an oil-in-water lotion? Add high amounts of glycerin to the oil phase before emulsification.
Which of the following stability issues in an o/w emulsion is a result of having an emulsfier level that is too low Coalescence
What accelerated aging test is most accurate method to predict long term stability at room temperature of this formula? Centrifuge for 5hrs at 3750 rpm
Which of the following stability issues in an o/w emulsion is a result of the oil phase having a density lower than the continuous phase. Creaming
What common formulation technique improves the high temperature stability of an o/w emulsion? Adding a polymeric thickener to the continuous phase (either before or after you emulsify).
Which silicone ingredient has regulatory pressure (listed in Europe as a hazardous Cyclomethicone (D4 and D5)
Which statement is false about moisturizing ingredients used in leave-on skin care products One cannot make "non-occlusive" or "non-comedogeic" claims if the formula contains a silicome
How do emollients moisturize the skin? They fill the gaps between keratinocytes in the epidermis increasing skin barrier strength
What role does collagen perform in the skin? It provides skin elasticity and structure from deep within the dermis
Which ingredient below is allowed in a face cream with an "oil-free" claim? Isopropyl Myristate
When a lotion is applied to the skin, the emulsion "breaks". Water evaporation is one of the ways (aka, mechanisms) that the emulsion "breaks", what is the other main way that it breaks? The naturally occurring salts found on the skin can disrupt the thickening properties of polymers present
What is technical name for the upper most layer of the skin? Stratum Corneum
Which describes what a "In-Vitro" Test is? A test that measures an active ingredient's biological efficacy in a non-living laboratory model.
What lotion would be best at keeping your skin at the proper pH? Lotion that has been buffered at pH 5.0
Which is NOT an appropriate question to ask when assessing a lotion using Sensorial techniques? What is the product's likeability rating for a target 20-25 year old female consumer.
Created by: user-2031091
 

 



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