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SLAVERY DIVISION.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when DID SLAVERY START TO BECOME DIVSIIVE? | middle of the 19th century |
| what was one major issue that was debated | whether slave housing should be allowed in new territories and any new states who craved them |
| what settled the division temporarily | the Missouri compromise |
| what caused the nation to divide again | the westward expansion after the Mexican American war as well as the discovery of gold in California |
| what did people argue over in the run up to the presidential election of 1848 | future of new western territories |
| why did the free soil party form | Whigs and a few anti-slavery democrats were disappointed by the position taken by their party's presidential candidates |
| what was the free-soil party's goal | to keep slavery out of the new territories and states |
| why did a national crisis erupt in 1849 | California applied to be a free state |
| why did California cause a crisis | the Missouri compromise evenly divided the country from free and slave states. However, California would upset this balance and give free states the majority of the seats in senate |
| why were slaves states afraid of California joining the union | free reps originally made up the majority of the house of representatives |
| What did Henry clay propose as a compromise in 1850 | California to be admitted as a free state and for the issue of slavery to be left open in the other territories won from Mexico |
| what did Henry, john c, and Daneil webster debate on for 8 months | compromise of 1850 |
| what is the pony express | mail service that established communication between east and west |
| what gave rise to the pony express | the statehood of California |
| what was the most controversial part of the compromise of 1850 | the fugitive slave act |
| what was the fugitive slave act | it strengthened earlier slave acts in 1793 by enforcing a greater penalty on runaway slaves and those who aided them including marshals who failed to enforce the law |
| How did the northern states retaliate to the fugitive slave act | passed laws that protected runwayslaves as well as armed groups confronted slave catchers and freed slaves from jail. |
| how many enslaved people are in the south in 1860 | 4 million |
| why did the slave trade thrive in the south | even though no more slaves where imported, the population already in the nation is steadily growing |
| How did racism contribute to slavery | it was the foundation |
| racism definition | belief that one race is superior to the other |
| What was one justification used for slavery | African Americans were better off under the care of plantation owners than caring for themselves |
| What kept slaves from curbing their freedom and economic oppertunities | The fugitive slave act |
| how did racists attitudes impact more than 250k free African American in the south | local laws prevented them from assembling into large group and they were discouraged from organizing into churches or schools |
| what was central to the south's agarin economy | slaves |
| What did the south argue for concerned for its economy | slavery and battled against tariffs |
| what was the souths argument against tariffs | they favor the north which was more industrial while having no benefit and making goods more expensive for the south |
| What did some wealthy plantation owners try to get the government to do | acquire Cuba from Spain as a slave state |
| what did the 1854 Ostend Manifesto present | That Cuba be taken by force if necessary |
| did the 1854 Ostend Manifesto succeed | No, in fact it begins a rallying cry for northern abolitionist |
| why were conditions for free African American in the north bad | They were treated with the same beliefs that the Southerners had, most northerners cared little about ending slavery, thus they had little places to work. Some abolitionists were racist. |
| How did laws discriminate against free African Americans | Restricting the rights of their voting, property, and to move about freely |
| What is segregation | The separation of people based on race |
| What were some examples of segregation in northern cities | African Americans were forbidden from white churches, schools, and many other buildings and they were blocked for employment for skilled jobs. |
| What were daily threats made to African Americans includde | being attacked by mobs and sent back into slavery |
| Who wrote uncle toms cabin | Harriet Beecher |
| What was uncle toms cabin about | Her anger about slavery |
| Who drew American slave market | Taylor |
| What was the American Slave market showing | A child being sold |
| What increased the interest in building a railroad to the pacific coast | the discovery of gold in california |
| Who is Stephen A. Douglas | A Illinois senator |
| what did Stephen A, Douglas propose | a railway route stretching from the Illinois city of Chicago west to San Fraciso California |
| What was a problem Stephen A. Douglas faced while proposing his railroad. | It would cross the territory west on Minnesota, lowa, and Missouri, thus, it would have to be organized into new states. However, the Missouri compromise deemed it as free states, however because of this, it threatens southerners. |
| What was Stephen's solution to this | a bill split the territory in two called Kansas and Nebraska. It also called for the repeal of the Missouri compromise which would end the long-lasting ban on slavery in the north. It let the individual states decide if they wanted to ban slavery. |
| What is popular sovereignty | allowing residents to decide an issue by voting. |
| What was Douglas' bill called | Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 |
| What did Douglas predict the Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 would do | impart the peace and stability of the union |
| What did the Kansas Nebraska act actually do? | Make Kansas to a battle ground |
| What were the "Free-soilers"? | An Antislavery group from the north to vote against slavery in Kansas |
| What were the free soilers hoping to do | have enough abolitionists in Kansas to ensure it would become a free state |
| What were Border Ruffians | Southerners who would cross the border into Kansas to vote illegally for slavery |
| Who gained power over the legislature in 1855 | Proslavery forces |
| what laws did Proslavery make | Harsh laws that opposed anyone against slavery |
| What were anti-slavery people doing in the summer and fall and winter of 1855 | creating their own government and constitution as well as electing a legislature and governor. |
| How did the North support people who were against slavery | People in the Northeast were sympathetic, so they sent them rifles |
| How did the south support pro slavery people | they sent 300 men |
| What did slavery supporters do in May 1856 | a large group of pro slavers raided the town of Lawence, Kansas, a free-soil stronghold, burned down a hotel, destroyed a newspaper office, and threw painting presses down a river |
| What did John brown do as revenge for what pro slavers did in may 1856 | took his four sons as well as other anti-slavery men to a slave supporting settlement at Pottawatomie Creek, there they pulled five men out of their household and brutally murdered them. |
| why did people start calling the territory bleeding Kansas | Because of all the slavery driven crimes |
| Why did Preston Brooks, a South Carolina representative, hit summer with a cane | He, a Massachusetts senator, Charles Sumner, gave an antislavery speech |
| What was the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska act. | because of the repeal of the Missouri compromise, it angered Northerners and deepened the North-South Divisions in the Whig and Democrat Governments |
| What new party was created in 1854 dedicating to fighting slavery | The republican party |
| Who made up the Republican party | Former whigs, free-soilers, democrats, and Know Nothings |
| Who did republicans choose for their main candidate in the 1856 presidential elections. | John C. Fremont, who was well known for his exploration in the west. |
| Who did the democrats choose in the 1856 presidential elections | James Buchanan |
| What was the outcome of the election of 1856 | James Buchanan won, but Joh C, Fremont came close winning 11 northern states, which proved republi8cans as significant |
| When did the supreme court issue a decision in the Dred Scott v. Standford case | March of 1857 two days after Buchanan took office |
| When did the Dred Scott v. Standford case start | 1846 |
| What did the Dred Scott v. Standford case involve | a slave named Dred Schott sued because he was taken to the free state of Illinois in the Wisconsin Territory where slavery was prohibited |
| what was the Dred Scott decision | Dred remains a slave. Roger Taney asserted that anyone of his African American race were not USs citizen thus they can't sue. Since slaves were personal property, congress never had the right for the Missouri compromise rendering it unconstitutional |
| who was Roger Taney | the chief justice who made the dred Scott decision |
| What was the result of the Dred Scott decision | it sparked outrage among to antislavery and made them fearful that the southerners would try to expand slavery to the rest of the country. This made the division between pro and anti slavery people wider |
| What did John brown do in 1859 | Led an attack on the town of Harper Ferry in the part of Virginia that would later become west Virginia. His group of armed 21 men captured a federal arsenal and a rifle manufacturing plant and took dozens hostage. |
| What did John brown hope to accomplish int he attacks on Harpers Ferry | to trigger a slave revolt and create an army of emancipation that would free slaves across the south. |
| What was the result of the battle of Harpers ferry | Ten of John browns men were killed, and he was hung six days later after a short trail |
| How did Northerners view john brown | a hero and a martyr to the cause of abolition |
| what is a martyr | a person willing to die for their beliefs |
| What are the two political races Lincon and doulas fought in and who won them | the senate seat of Illinois (Douglas won) and the presidential election in 1860(Lincoln won) |
| which party did Lincon belong to | republican |
| Which party was Douglas belong to | democrat |
| What was Lincoln and Douglas against | slavery |
| What did Douglas accuse Lincoln of doing in their fourth debate for the seat of Illinois | He favored racial equality (a unpopular position at the time) |
| Who made the painting with Lincoln and Douglas debating at Charleston | Robert Marshal Root |
| What was the main idea of Lincoln's speech at the republicans convection in Springfield Illinois | a house divided cannot stand |
| What is the main idea in Douglas's speech at the Lincoln and Douglas debate in freeport Illinois | The issue of slavery could easily be solved by the voting system |
| What is the main idea of the political cartoon by harper's weekly | Politicians divided by the issue of slavery are tearing the nation apart |
| Which three factors divided the nation | Bleeding Kansas, Drec Scott decision and Brows raid at harpers ferry |
| Why did the democrat party find it hard to hold itself together | as tensions grew between it's powerful southern faction and smaller northern faction |
| Why did the democrats split in two in 1860 | Their two factions could not agree on a candidate for the 1860 presidential election |
| Who did the Northern democrats nominate | Stephen Douglas of Illinois |
| Who did the southern democrats nominate | John Breckinridge of Kentucky |
| Who formed the constitutional union party (unionists) | Former Whigs and Know Nothings |
| What did the constitutional union party appeal to | People who believed that preserving the union and protecting the constitution outweighed the concerns about slavery |
| Which candidate did unionists want | Somebody to appeal to both northerners and southerners |
| Who did the unionists choose | John bell, a highly regarded former US senator from Tennessee |
| Who was Lincolns running mate | Hannibal Hamlin |
| Why was Lincoln's first name mis-spelled in the flag? | It was the Biblical way to spell "Abram" |
| Why did republicans gather in Chicago Illinois in 1860 | For their national convention |
| What did republican strategists say the four key states to win the upcoming election will be | Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
| Why would convincing the first three of the four key states to win the upcoming election would be hard | The first three were bordered southern states and were more moderate in their views about slavery than the north |
| Who did the Republicans place their hopes into convince Illinois | Aberham Lincon |
| What happened to Lincoln when he was nine? | His mother died |
| Where was Lincoln born and grew up in | In a one room log cabin on frontier farms in Kentucky and Indiana |
| Why did Lincoln have little formal schooling | His family was very poor and they had to move from place to place |
| Where did Lincoln and his family move to when he was 21 | Illinois |
| What did Lincoln do after he moved | Taught himself law, built a thriving legal practice, and launched a successful political career |
| How many terms did Lincoln serve in the Illinois state assembly | four |
| How many terms did Lincoln serve in the US house of representatives | one |
| How many times did Lincoln lose for bids in the US senate | two |
| What did Lincoln and Breckinridge spend little effort doing | Trying to convince the other side |
| What did Bell focus on in the 1860 presidential election | Like minded Unionists in the north and south |
| What did Douglas do during the presidential election of 1860 | campaign in both North and South defending the Union and Warning against voting along sectional lines |
| Why weren't Bell and Douglas considered Moderate candidates | They didn't pose any laws relating to slavery |
| Who won 40 precent of the popular vote during election day | Lincoln |
| Which state did Lincoln split with Douglas in the electoral vote | New Jersey |
| Who won the vote of almost every northern state in the electoral college | Lincoln |
| Who cast their ballots along regional lines | South |
| What caused the south to secceed from the union- | Aberham Lincoln's election |
| What did pro-slavers think Lincolns goal was | to abolish slavery |
| What happened the day after the election of 1860 | The legislature of South Carolina gathered to debate the possibility of seceding |
| what caused South Carolina to almost seced | Nullification crisis in the 1830 |
| What did supporters of the south seceding argue | They argued for states' rights and that states have to right to withdraw from the nation like how they joined it |
| On December 20th, 1860, which state became the first to secede from the nation | South Carolina |
| What was the response to Lincoln's presidential election | South Carolina's succession one month later, even though he wouldn't take office until March 1861 |
| What caused the south to secceed from the union- | Aberham Lincoln's election |
| What did pro-slavers think Lincolns goal was | to abolish slavery |
| What happened the day after the election of 1860 | The legislature of South Carolina gathered to debate the possibility of seceding |
| what caused South Carolina to almost seced | Nullification crisis in the 1830 |
| What did supporters of the south seceding argue | They argued for states' rights and that states have to right to withdraw from the nation like how they joined it |
| On December 20th, 1860, which state became the first to secede from the nation | South Carolina |
| What was the response to Lincoln's presidential election | South Carolina's succession one month later, even though he wouldn't take office until March 1861 |
| how many states joined South Carolina in the following months in secession | 10 |
| What formed in March 1861 | The Confederate states of America, or confederacy, and their constitution |
| Where did the confederacy form | Montgomery, Alabama |
| What did the confederacy constitution protect | States rights and slavery |
| Who became the temporary president of the confederacy | Jeffery Davis, a Mississippi senator who had spoken out against secession a few weeks prior . |
| What did Davis place the blame of secession on in his inaugural adress | the union and that protecting slavery was the intent of the founders |
| What are the opposing views on succession in the northern part of the south | Some thought it was treason and disastrous, while others believed they should wait. |
| Which northern south states did not succeed | Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Arkansas |
| Who tried to step in as a peacemaker in the 1861 | John J. Crittenden, a senator from Kentucky |
| What was the Crittenden plan? | The federal government would have no power to abolish slavery in states that already existed, the Missouri Compromise would be reestablished and extend to the Pacific Ocean, and Locol residents would decide whether to allow slavery. |
| Who favored the Crittenden Plan | Many in both North and South as well as President James Buchan, the president before Lincoln. |
| What did President James Buchanan push for before his term ended | The Crittenden Plan |
| Who opposed the Crittenden plan? | Abraham Lincoln and many other republicans, for they rejected extending slavery to new territories |
| What was the Crittenden plan's outcome in court? | It was defeated in congress and the secession crisis continued |
| What did Lincoln write in his inauguration adress | He does not support freeing slaves, but here is no basis of succeeding in the constitution |
| Who did Lincoln choose for his cabinet perposfully | men in competing factions |
| What was surprising about Lincolns cabinet | the top four positions went to men who had competed with Lincoln for the republican nomination |
| What was Lincolns reasoning for choosing his cabinet? | Those men were the strongest and he had no right to deprive the country of their services |
| What did some call Lincolns cabinet | Team of Rivals |
| What did Lincoln say was his first task in his inaugural address | To reunite the union |
| What did Lincoln think of secession | it was illegal |
| Why did Lincoln think the Union was still Intacted | HE viewed secession as illegal |
| What did Lincoln vow in his inauguration adress | to protect places and property belonging to the federal government |
| What did Lincoln assure the south | he did not intent to interfere with slavery where it already existed and there would be no invasion by force of the government |
| what is a garrison | defense force |
| was Lincolns inauguration letter a success? | nope |
| What did Lincoln receive the day after his address? | a letter from Fort Sumter, which lay at the entrance of the harbor of Charleston South Carolina. |
| What did the letter from Fort Sumter say | it was under threat from Confederate Forces and Its garrison of about 85 federal soldiers would soon run out of food. |
| In the debate between John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster, about the compromise of 1850, who argued for which side | Calhoun speaks to the south, Daniel pleads for saving the union |
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Voxisthebest