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Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formation of carbohydrates from photosynthesis is an | Anabolic process |
| Oxidation of carbohydrates through respiration is a | Catabolic process |
| How much energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed? | About 7.3 kcal/mol (=30.5K)/mol) |
| Name the 4 stages of cellular respiration: | Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| In which stages is ATP made by substrate phosphorylation? | Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle |
| In which stage are electron carriers made? | Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cycle |
| In which stages is carbon dioxide produced? | Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid Cycle |
| In which stage is ATP made by oxidative phosphorylation? | Electron Transport Chain(Oxidative Phosphorylation) |
| Define oxidation – reduction reaction (redox) | A reaction involving the transfer of electrons between molecules |
| Oxidation is: | Loss of Electrons |
| Reduction is: | Gain of Electrons |
| What does OIL RIG mean? | Oxidation is loss, Reduction is gained |
| Define electronegativity | An atoms ability to affect electrons in a chemical bond |
| What is the reduced form of NAD+? | NADH |
| What is the reduced form of FAD? | FADH₂ |
| Which form, oxidized or reduced, carries the most energy? | Reduced Form |
| During which stage of the catabolism of glucose is the most energy harvested? | Electron transport chain /Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| What is substrate phosphorylation? | ATP production by transferring a phosphate directly |
| Where does substrate phosphorylation occur? | Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle |
| Give an example of substrate phosphorylation. | 1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoglycerate |
| Define oxidative phosphorylation | ATP production using energy released form electron transport and a protein gradient |
| Why do the cristae of the mitochondria and the thylakoid of the chloroplasts need so much surface area? | To hold more electron transport chains and ATP synthase, increasing ATP production |
| What kind of energy is a proton gradient? | Potential Energy |
| How do protons move through ATP synthase? | They flow down their Concentration gradient |
| What kind of energy is movement of protons through ATP synthases? | Kinetic Energy |
| Is oxygen reduced or oxidized when it is converted to water? | Reduced |
| What happens to the proton gradient in the absence of oxygen? | It collapses |
| What happens to the rate of aerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen and why? | It stops because oxygen is the final electron acceptor |
| What are the two types of fermentation that can occur? | Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcohol (ethanol) Fermentation |
| Where does fermentation occur? | Cytoplasm |
| What are the products or lactic acid fermentation? | Lactate + NAD+ |
| What are the products of ethanol fermentation? | Ethanol + CO2 + NAD+ |
Created by:
heavenlylaangel