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Anatomy - Digestive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mastication | chewing |
| Deglutition | swallowing |
| maceration | the stomach churning/mashing food up |
| bolus | the chewed up food and saliva that you swallow |
| chyme | what the bolus turns into after it has been churned and mixed with gastric juices |
| peristalsis | the involuntary, longitudinal movement of food from the mouth to the stomach |
| segmentation | circular muscular contraction that occurs in the small intestine to slow down chyme |
| ingestion | putting food into your body |
| egestion | waste exiting the body |
| digestion | breaking down food |
| propulsion | moving food through the digestive system |
| uvula | hangs at back of the throat, prevents food from going into the nasal cavity (nasopharynx) |
| epiglottis | covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent it from entering the respiratory system (oropharynx) |
| cardiac sphincter | circular muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | circular muscle that separates the stomach from the small intestine (duodenum) |
| iliocecal sphincter | circular muscle that separates the small intestine (ileum) from the large intestin (cecum) |
| colon | another name for large intestine |
| haustral contractions | small, segmented contractions (only last for 30 min after food is in large intestine) |
| mass movements | slower, more powerful movements that push waste towards rectum (3-4x/day) |
| internal anal sphincter | pressure causes it to relax |
| external anal sphincter | needs voluntary relaxation |
| cecum | first part of large intestine |
| rectum | last part of large intestine that is vertical before anus |
| bile | breaks down fats |
| satiated | the feeling of "fullness" |
| rugae | folds in the stomach that tell the body when it is satiated |
| main function of mouth | mechanical digestion |
| main function of esophagus | get food from mouth to stomach |
| main function of stomach | chemical digestion |
| main function of small intestine | absorption of nutrients |
| main function of large intestine | absorption of water |
| what causes the stomach to have a low pH (acidic) | HCl (secreted by Parietal cells) |
| What produces pepsinogen and where is it located? | chief cells in the stomach |
| What does pepsinogen break down? | protein |
| order of small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ilium |
| order of large intestine | cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum |
| parts of the stomach | cardiac region, body, fundus, pyloric region |
| villi | increase surface area to improve absorption in small intestine |
| what does HCl do? | increase acidity and changes pepsinogen (inactive) to pepsin (active) to break down proteins |
| appendix | hangs off of large intestine, vestigial, but can store extra bacteria if we need it |
| 21. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) | Heart burn |
| peptic ulcers | occur in stomach or duodenum |
| what controls perastalsis | autonomic nervous system (parasympathetics - "rest and digest") |
| defecation | to poop |
Created by:
adittrich