Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Linguistics Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hockett's design features | 16 features to determine what counts as a language |
| Vocal Auditory channel | mode of transmission is vocal and the mode of reception for language is auditory (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Broadcast transmission and directional reception | the message is transmitted in all directions so it can be perceived within range of another person's channel of perception, and where the message is coming from is perceived too (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Transitoriness | The message in language fades quickly (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Interchangeability | Messages can both be received and given (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Total feedback | Sender is aware of the message being sent and can control and modify it as it occurs (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Semanticity | Specific signals are directly tied to specific meanings (specificity) (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Specialization | language is intentional - used to communicate a specific thing (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Arbitrary | No inherent connection between signifier and signified - words don't resemble what they are signifying |
| Iconic | There is an inherent connection between signifier and signified - hieroglyphics (words are pictures that picture what they signified) |
| Discreteness | "chunkable" the components of language can be broken up and put back together like legos (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Duality of Patterning | speech can be divided into meaningful chunks/signs that can be further subdivided into meaningless chunks (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Productivity | the number of possible utterances is infinite. You can create and understand utterances you've never heard before (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Displacement | we can refer to objects and events that are either distant in time and space, hypothetical, or don't exist at all (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Prevarication | We can lie (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Cultural transmission | language is learned (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Reflexiveness | language can be used to talk about language (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Learnability | We can learn other languages (One of Hockett's design features) |
| Phonetics | The study of physical manifestation of language |
| Place of articulation | Where place of articulation occurs |
| Manner of articulation | At place of articulation, how closed is it |
| Stops | Total closure of vocal tracts (t) |
| Fricatives | Near total closure of vocal tract producing turbulence (s) |
| Approximates | Minor closure of vocal tract with out turbulence (y) |
| Affricates | Consonants characterized by full closure followed by frication (ch) |
| lateral approximant | Near closure, but constriction still allows air to pass freely around side of tongue |
| flap/tap | produced when the tongue briefly strikes the alveolar ridge as it passes across "tt", "dd", "r" - rolled r |
| sound waves | disturbances of air molecules that cause vibrations |
| allophones | Members of the same phoneme |
| Contrastive distribution | they are phonemes Appear in the same environment makes a difference in the meaning of a word *two different phonemes* |
| Complementary distribution | They are allophones of a single phoneme Two phones never appear in the same phonetic environment |
| Steps for solving phonology problem | - Minimal pairs - Organize data - put in it's local environment - Make generalizations - Determine distribution (complementary or contrastive) - Determine underlying representation (One in never condition, other is elsewhere condition) - Write rule |
| Morpheme | Smallest unit of language that carries meaning or function |
| Free vs. Bound morphemes | Free - can occur as separate words Bound - cannot occur on its own "S" "ed" |
| content morphemes | express a concrete meaning or context - denote things, actions, and status |
| function morphemes | tend to be tied to specific grammatical functions - prepositions, pronouns, articles, affixes |
| Root | morphemes which determine the basic meaning of the larger word |
| affixes | bound morphemes that add to root to alter its meaning or function in a predictable way (s) |
| prefix | affix before the root of the word |
| suffix | affix after the root of the word |
| curcumfix | one affix is on both sides to add one meaning |
| infix | affix that splits the root - goes in the middle |
| derivational | forms a new word with affix teach --> teacher can change part of speech (all prefixes in english are derivational) |
| inflectional | doesn't change meaning of root very much --> tense, number, person Can't change part of speech |
| noun | person, place, thing, idea |
| verb | action |
| adjectives | describe nouns |
| adverbs | describe verbs |
| prepositions | spacial relations |
| determiner | a, and, the |
| syntax | System of rules for constructing sentences |
| Systematic principles | Binary branching Don't cross branches Don't branch from words Same # of levels Modification principle |
Created by:
user-1990764