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chapter 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The ability to do work or cause a change. |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy that an object has due to its motion. |
| potential energy | energy that an object has because of its position or shape. |
| Combustion | the process in which a fuel burns because it combines rapidly with oxygen. |
| Energy efficiency | an expression of how much of the energy put into a system actually does useful work. |
| renewable energy | an energy resource that is readily available or that can be replaced in a relatively short time. |
| nonrenewable | an energy resource that cannot be replaced in a relatively short time |
| Electricity | the energy produced by the flow and interaction of electrons. |
| Strip mining | the extraction of a mineral by removing a strip of the layer of soil and rock on top of the mineral deposit. |
| Subsurface mining | the practice of digging shafts deep into the ground to find and remove a mineral. |
| petroleum | a liquid fossil fuel made up mostly of hydrocarbons. |
| Petrochemicals | chemical compounds that are derived from oil and used to make products. |
| Oil sands | deposits of moist sand and clay containing bitumen. |
| Oil shale | rock filled with a mixture of hydrocarbons. |
| Methane hydrate | an ice like solid that consists of molecules of methane within a crystal network of water molecules. |
| Acid drainage | a type of mining pollution that occurs when oxygen and rainwater react with newly exposed rock that contains iron sulfide, forming sulfuric acid that removes metals from rock and leches into groundwater or enters water bodies as runoff. |
| Energy conservation | the practice of reducing energy use to meet those goals. |
| nuclear energy | the energy that holds these particles together in the nucleus. |
| nuclear fission | the spitting of atoms nucleus into smaller nuclei. |
| nuclear reactor | generates electricity by controlled fission reactions. |
| meltdown | the accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation. |
| nuclear waste | radioactive materials left over from the production of energy and other processes. |
| nuclear fusion | small nuclei of lightweight elements are forced together to form heavier nucleus. |