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Dosage forms

Solid dosage forms include: capsules, tablets, lozenges, powders, granules, and medicated sticks.
capsules small, oblong gelatin containers that have medication inside
Tablets vary greatly in shape, size, weight, and other properties, require swallowing whole with water, and they later break apart and dissolve in the digestive tract.
Caplet capsule-like shape that allow for easier swallowing
Enteric-coated tablets delay absorption until after the tablet passes through the stomach to protect the lining of the stomach.
Buccal tablets placed in the buccal pouch, which is the area between the cheek and the gums, absorb directly into the bloodstream through the lining of the cheek without passing through the digestive tract
sublingual tablets under the tongue, absorb directly into the bloodstream without passing through the digestive tract
Effervescent tablets dissolve in a liquid prior to administration
Orally disintegrating (fast-dissolving, rapidly disintegrating) solid dosage form that dissolves quickly on the tongue
Lozenges/troches hard, sweet, candy-like dosage form that remains in the mouth until dissolved. The medication provides treatment to the mouth and throat
Powders can be dissolved in water and administered orally or applied directly to the skin for local treatment
Granules powders that have been wet and then dried to form nonuniform particles, These particles are then dissolved in a liquid to form an oral suspension.
Medicated sticks, lip balm, are applied topically.
Semisolid dosage forms contain both solids and liquids in one
Suppositories melt at body temperature after insertion into the rectum, vagina, or urethra
Creams combinations of water, oil, and other ingredients. They are less greasy than ointments and are easier to apply over large surface areas
Ointments various combinations of solid and liquid medications that lubricate and protect the skin
Oleaginous ointments hydrophobic, protect the surface of the skin from air, and keep moisture inside the skin. They feel greasy and are difficult to wash off.
Water-soluble ointments ointment that is not greasy and can be washed off with water.
Anhydrous ointments same properties as oleaginous ointments except that they absorb water
Emulsions liquid mixtures of oil and water.
Pastes stiff ointments that do not melt at body temperature and contain at least 20% solids
fluid in the dosage form that carries the medication is known as the delivery system or vehicle
Solutions dosage forms that result when a medication dissolves completely and evenly in a homogenous mixture
Aqueous solutions are given orally, topically, or parenterally and use sterile or purified water as a vehicle
Viscous aqueous solutions use sterile or purified water but are thicker and usually have a sweet taste.
Nonaqueous solutions use vehicles, such as glycerin or propylene glycol, to dissolve other components within a liquid dosage form. They do not contain water and may not consist of alcohol alone.
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Hydroalcoholic solutions contain both alcohol and water
Suspensions liquids with small solids contained within the liquid; they include magmas, lotions, gels, and extractives.
Liniments application to the skin, and can be suspensions, solutions, or emulsions. They usually create a mild irritation that helps relieve a deeper irritation
Transdermal patches adhesives that deliver medication to the bloodstream after application to the skin.
Sprays utilize a pump dispenser and are usually for instilling medication into the nasal passages, under the tongue, or onto the skin
Inhalants contain a fine powder or solution that an inhaler device delivers via a fine mist to the mouth or nose
Aerosols deliver medication, either fine particles or liquid, via gaseous pressure into the nose, mouth, or skin. Inhalers for asthma often use aerosols.
Created by: yang26
 

 



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