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Chapter 17 Vocab
All Lessons' Vocabulary for Chapter 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acid Drainage | a type of mining pollution that occurs when oxygen and rainwater react with newly exposed rock that contains iron sulfide, forming sulfuric acid that removes metals from rocks and leaches into groundwater or enters water bodies as runoff |
| Combustion | burning; the chemical reaction when fuel combines rapidly with oxygen |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause a change |
| Energy Efficiency | an expression of how much of the energy put into a system actually does useful work |
| Energy Conservation | reducing energy use to prolong the supply of fossil fuels |
| Electricity | the energy produced by the flow and interaction of electrons |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy produced by motion |
| Nonrenewable Energy | an energy resource that cannot be replaced in a relatively short time; includes fossil fuels and nuclear energy |
| Oil Sand | a deposit of moist sand and clay that can be mined to extract bitumen, an oil-rich hydrocarbon |
| Oil Shale | rock that contains hydrocarbons; can be burned directly or processed to extract liquid petroleum |
| Petrochemical | a chemical compound deprived from oil that is used to make plastics, detergents, and other products |
| Petroleum | a liquid fossil fuel made up mostly of hydrocarbons; the primary source of gasoline |
| Methane Hydrate | an ice like solid that consists of molecules of methane within a crystal network of water molecules; can be burned to release energy |
| Nuclear Energy | the energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom |
| Nuclear Fission | the conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by splitting apart atomic nuclei |
| Nuclear Fusion | the conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by forcing together the small nuclei of lightweight elements under high temperature and pressure |
| Nuclear Reactor | a facility within a nuclear power plant that generates electricity through controlled nuclear fission |
| Nuclear Waste | the radioactive material left over from the production of energy and other processes in a nuclear power plant |
| Meltdown | the accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation |
| Renewable Energy | an energy resource that is readily available or that can be replaced in a relatively short time; includes wind, moving water, sunlight, and wood |
| Strip Mining | a type of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource |
| Subsurface Mining | a type of mining in which vertical shafts are dug into the ground and networks of horizontal tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of a resource |
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