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Med Term Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aer/o | gas, air |
| alveol/o | alveolus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchus |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larnynx |
| lob/o | lobe |
| muc/o | mucus |
| nas/o | nose |
| or/o | mouth |
| ox/i, ox/o | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| phon/o | voice, sound |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | lung |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| spir/o | to breathe, breathing |
| throac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | life-threatening condition in which the lungs fill with fluid, and oxygen and carbon dioxide can't be exchanged |
| anosmia | lacking the ability to smell |
| anoxia | condition in which there is no oxygen received from the air inhaled |
| aphonia | lacking the ability to produce sound |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| asphyxia | condition in which there is a lack of oxygen intake, can lead to unconsciousness or death if not treated |
| aspiration | inhalation of food, drink, or foreign material into the lungs |
| asthma | chronic inflammatory disease that makes it difficult to breathe and causes wheezing |
| atelectasis | collapse of one or more lobes of a lung |
| bradypnea | slow respirations |
| bronchiectasis | condition in which the bronchial tubes are abnormally enlarged, causing chronic coughing, thick sputum, recurrent pneumonia, weight loss |
| bronchitis | irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi |
| bronchospasm | narrowing of the bronchi caused by sudden involuntary contractions of the smooth muscle tissue within the bronchi |
| Cheyne-Strokes respiration | alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow respirations, along with periods of apnea |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | chronic, progressive and incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing, weakness, and a high risk of lung infections |
| clubbing | condition in which the tips of the fingers or toes are rounded and enlarged and the nails turned downward due to chronic low blood oxygen |
| COVID-19 | disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and transmitted through droplets and airborne particles produced by an infected person often characterized by respiratory symptoms |
| croup | infection of the upper airway usually caused by a virus that causes problems with breathing and barking cough |
| cyanosis | blue or gray discoloration of skin or mucous membranes caused by lack of oxygen |
| cystic fibrosis | hereditary disease in which the body produces thick mucus resulting in severe congestion within the lungs, pancreas, and intestines |
| diptheria | highly contagious bacterial infection causing inflammation and the formation of false mucous membranes in the throat making swallowing and breathing difficult |
| dysphonia | condition in which speaking is difficult causing voice to sound hoarse or weak |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| emphysema | chronic disease in which the alveoli of the lungs are damaged and are unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide; usually results from cigarette smoking |
| epitaxis | nosebleed |
| eupnea | normal respirations |
| hemoptysis | coughing up of blood or bloody sputum |
| hemothorax | condition in which there is blood in the pleural space |
| histoplasmosis | infection of the pulmonary system caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum |
| hypercapnia | condition of excessive carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hyperpnea | breathing that is faster or deeper than usual; may be a result of exercise, pain, illness, medication, anxiety, or high altitude |
| hyperventilation | abnormally fast and deep breathing that results in a loss of carbon dioxide from the blood |
| hypocapnia | condition of decreased carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hyponea | abnormally slow or shallow breathing |
| hypoventilation | abnormally slow and shallow breathing that results in an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypoxemia | condition of abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | condition of abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood |
| infant respiratory distress syndrome | disorder almost always affecting premature newborns and caused by lack of substance called surfactant, which is needed to keep the lung airways open |
| influenza | respiratory illness caused by a virus |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx caused by infection, irritation, or overuse of the voice |
| Legionnaires disease | type of pneumonia spread through the inhalation of water droplets containing a type of bacteria called legionella |
| lung cancer | growth of abnormal cells or tumors in the lungs |
| nasopharyngitis | inflammation of the nasal passages and the pharynx |
| obstructive sleep apnea | breathing disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep |
| orthopnea | shortness of breath when lying down that is relieved by sitting up straight |
| pertussis | contagious bacterial infection usually affecting children, causes cold-like symptoms and later causes prolonged sometimes violent , coughing fits; also known as whooping cough |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pleural effusion | condition in which excess fluid accumulated in the pleural space |
| pleural friction rub | abnormal rasping and grating sound during respiration that is caused by layers of pleura rubbing together |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleurae; also called pleuritis |
| pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhalation of dust or other irritants; it is one type of a condition called interstitial lung disease |
| pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia | fungal infection of the lungs that most commonly affects people who are immunocompromised |
| pneumonia | bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that causes acute inflammation in lung tissue, causing fever, chills, cough, greenish sputum, chest pain, and rapid pulse |
| pneumothorax | condition in which air is in the pleural space |
| pulmonary edema | condition in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs interfering with gas exchange |
| pulmonary embolism | blood clot or other blockage found in the lungs |
| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs restricting their ability to expand |
| pulmonary hypertension | hypertension in the pulmonary arteries, which may be genetic or caused by conditions such as heart failure |
| pumonologist | medical doctor who diagnoses and treats conditions of the respiratory system |
| pulmonology | medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory system conditions |
| rale | abnormal rattling lung sound heard during respiration |
| respiratory failure | condition in which the lungs cannot supply the blood with enough oxygen |
| respiratory syncytial virus | common virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal passages |
| rhinorrhagia | excessive abnormal flow of blood from the nose; also called epistaxis or nosebleed |
| rhonchus | abnormal, low pitched snoring sound heard on expiration during auscultation of the lungs |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the lining of the sinuses |
| sputum | thick mucus coughed up from the lungs |
| stridor | high-pitched sounds made during inhalation when trying to breathe through a narrowed or obstructed ariway |
| sudden infant death syndrome | condition in which babies stop breathing and die for no known reason while asleep; also known as SIDS |
| tachypnea | rapid respirations |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tuberculosis | highly contagious disease caused by bacterium |
| upper respiratory infection | viral or bacterial infection of the nose, sinuses, or throat; cold is one example |
| wheeze | abnormal, high-pitched, whistling lung sound; occurs most often during both inspiration and expiration |
| arterial blood gas | a test that checks levels of carbon dioxide oxygen in arterial blood |
| artificial airway | any tube inserted into the respiratory tract to maintain or promote healing |
| bilevel positive airway pressure device | machine that assists with breathing and prevents episodes of apnea by delivering pressurized air at two different pressures |
| bronchodilator | medication that expands the passages of the lungs |
| bronchoplasty | surgical repair of the bronchus |
| bronchoscopy | examination of the bronchus/bronchi using bronchoscope or a thin tube with a light and video camera inserted through the nose or mouth and into the lung |
| chest tube | hollow drainage tube that is inserted into the chest to drain air, blood or other fluid |
| continuous positive airway pressure device | machine that assists with breathing and prevents episodes of apnea by delivering a stream of pressurized air |
| endotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth and into the respiratory tract to maintain or promote breathing |
| incentive spirometer | device used for deep breathing exercises to encourage deep inhalation |
| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
| laryngoscopy | examination of the larynx using laryngoscope or thing tube with a light and video camera |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of the lung |
| mechanical ventilation | use of a machine to inflate and deflate the lungs of a person who cannot breathe on their own |
| nasal cannula | oxygen delivery device that consists of a piece of plastic tubing that fits around the face and two prongs that fit inside the nose |
| nasal swab | procedure for taking specimen from the interior of the nares |
| nasopharyngeal swab | procedure for taking a specimen from the nasopharynx |
| oxygen therapy | administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to a person's lungs |
| pleurocentesis | use of a needle to puncture the pleura and withdraw fluid for purposes of testing or treatment |
| pneumonectomy | surgical removal of a lung |
| postural drainage | use of different body positions to drain mucus from the lungs or to loosen it so that it can be coughed up |
| pulmonary function tests | diagnostic tests that measure lung function and capacity |
| pulse oximetry | use of noninvasive device placed on the end of a finger to determine the amount of oxygen in the blood |
| respiratory rate | number of breaths a person takes per minute |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| septoplasty | surgical repair of the septum |
| sinuplasty | surgical repair of the sinuses |
| spriometry | measurement of a person's breathing, including how much air enters and leaves the lungs |
| sputum specimen | sample of thick mucus coughed up from the lungs, collected to test for pathogens or to monitor chronic illnesses such as tuberculosis |
| suctioning | the removal of respiratory excretions using a suction tube or device |
| thoracotomy | surgical incision in the chest wall |
| throat culture | test performed on a specimen taken from the back of the oropharynx to check for the presence of pathogens such as streptococci |
| tracheostomy | surgically created opening through the neck into the trachea |
| tuberculin skin test | intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative to determine if a person has been exposed to tuberculosis |
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