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Ch 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communication | the process of sharing information |
| communicative functions | acts of communication, such as requesting, rejecting, commenting, arguing, and reasoning |
| communication disorder | Impairments in the ability to use speech or language to communicate |
| language | An arbitrary code or system of symbols to communicate meaning |
| expressive language | encoding or sending messages in communication |
| receptive language | decoding or understanding messages in communication |
| speech | the formation and sequencing of oral language sounds during communication |
| augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) | alternative forms of communication that do not use the oral sounds of speech or that augment the use of speech |
| Speech disorders | oral communication that involves abnormal use of the vocal apparatus, is unintelligible, or is so interior that it draws attention to itself and causes anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, or inappropriate behavior in the speaker. |
| Language disorders | oral communication that involves a lag in the ability to understand and express ideas, putting linguistic skill behind an individual's development in other areas, such as motor, cognitive, or social development |
| Phonology | the study of how individual sounds make up words |
| Morphology | the study within psycholinguistics of word formation; how adding or deleting parts of words changes their meaning |
| syntax | the way words are joined together to structure meaningful sentences; grammar |
| semantics | the study of meanings attached to words and sentences |
| pragmatics | the study with psycholinguistics of how people use language in social situations; emphasizes the functional use of language rather than the mechanics |
| speech-language pathologists (SLPs) | Speech-language pathologists work with individuals who have disorders related to speech, language, communication, swallowing, voice, or fluency. SLPs assess, diagnose, and treat individuals with speech and language disorders |
| dialects | A variation of a language that differs from the standard language based on phonology, vocabulary, or grammar. Dialects may be distinct to members of a particular group (e.g. ethnic group, regional group) |
| primary language disorder | A language disorder that has no known cause |
| secondary language disorder | A language disorder that is caused by another disorder or disability, such as intellectual disabilities, hearing impairment, or brain injury. |
| specific language impairment (SLI) | A language disorder with no identifiable cause; language disorder not attributable to hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities, brain dysfunction, or other plausible cause -- specific language disability. |
| developmental language disorder (DLD) | A neurodevelopmental language disorder that has no identifiable cause; it is unexpected and unexplained by physical or cognitive factors. |
| Early expressive language delay (EELD) | A significant lag in the development of expressive language that is apparent by age 2. |
| Language-based reading impairment | A reading problem that is based on a language problem |
| Phonological disorders | A disorder that occurs in children who are younger than 9 that results in the impaired ability to produce sounds in the child's own language |
| Phonological awareness | the ability to understand that speech flow can be broken into smaller sound units like words, syllables, and phonemes; lack of suck awareness is generally thought to be the reason for the reading problems of many students with learning disabilities |
| Phonological sensitivity | an early, foundational awareness of the sound structure of spoken language, specifically focusing on larger units like syllables, rhyme, and onset-rime |
| Phonemic awareness | One's ability to understand that words are made up of sounds or phonoemes |
| Phonics | a systematic method for teaching reading and writing by connecting spoken sounds (phonemes) to written letters (graphemes), enabling children to decode words |
| Larynx | the structure in the throat containing the vocal apparatus (vocal cords); laryngitis is a temporary loss of voice caused by inflammation of the larynx. |
| Aphonia | loss of voice |
| resonance | the quality of the sound imparted by the size, shape, and texture of the organs in the vocal impact. |
| cleft palate | a condition in which there is a rift or split in the upper part of the oral cavity; may incluse the upper lip |
| dysfluencies | hesitations, repetitions, and other disruptions of normal speech flow |
| stuttering | speech characterized by abnormal hesitations, prolongations, and repetitions; may be accompanied by grimaces, gestures, or other bodily movements indicative of a struggle to speak, anxiety, blocking of speech, or avoidance of speech |
| dysarthria | a condition in which brain damage causes impaired control of the muscles used in articulation |
| apraxia | the inability to plan and coordinate speech |
| developmental apraxia | a disorder of speech or language involving problems in motor planning such that the child has difficulty in producing speech sounds and organizing words and word sounds for effective communication. unknown cause |
| acquired apraxia | as in developmental apraxia, there are problems in motor planning such that the child has difficulty in producing speech sounds and organizing words and word sounds for effective communication. The problem is known to be caused by neurological damage. |
| decoding | the ability to convert print to spoken language; dependent on phonemic awareness and understanding of the alphabetic principles; a significant problem for many people with reading disabilities |
| dynamic assessments | an interactive assessment process that involves ongoing analysis of student learning in response to an intervention. |
| curriculum-based language and communication assessment (CBLA) | curriculum-based assessment that focuses on speech, language, and communication skills needed to learn the school curriculum. |
| prelinguistic communication | communication through gestures and noises before the child has learned oral language |
| milieu teaching | a naturalistic approach to language intervention in which the goal is to teach functional language skills in a natural environment. |
Created by:
mrutledge197