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Stack #4649211
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two shockable rhythms | ventricular fibrillations and pulseless ventricular Tachycardia |
| what is HCDO | Hypovolemic ,cardiogenic Distributive, obstruction |
| what is hypovolemic shock | loss of fluids like Blood ,Vomiting ,Diarrhea Diaphoretic |
| what is cardiogenic shock | heart can still beat, but it’s not pumping efficiently. |
| what is ischemia | Reduced blood flow to tissue →poor perfusion can lead to cardiogenic shock if heart muscle is affected. |
| what is Distributive shock | widespread vasodilation. Examples: anaphylaxis, sepsis, neurogenic shock. |
| what is Obstructive shock | physical blockage of blood flow. Examples: pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade. |
| What type of angina occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest? | stable angina |
| What type of angina occurs unpredictably, sometimes at rest, and is not relieved easily? | Unstable angina. |
| Why does cardiac chest pain sometimes radiate to the left arm or jaw? | Nerves from the heart share pathways with arm/jaw nerves (referred pain). |
| A patient has sudden sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, tachypnea, and tachycardia. What condition is most likely? | Pulmonary embolism (obstructive shock). |
| A patient has sudden tearing abdominal/back pain, hypotension, pale, cool, diaphoretic skin, and a pulsating abdominal mass. What condition is most likely? | Ruptured aortic aneurysm (hypovolemic shock). |
| Is a pulmonary embolism obstructive, distributive, hypovolemic, or cardiogenic shock? | Obstructive shock. |
| Is a ruptured aortic aneurysm obstructive, distributive, hypovolemic, or cardiogenic shock? | Hypovolemic shock. |
| What is the compression depth and rate for adult CPR? | Depth: 2–2.4 inches (5–6 cm), Rate: 100–120/min. |
| What is the compression: ventilation ratio for single rescuer adult CPR? | 30:2. |
| What is the compression: ventilation ratio for two-rescuer child CPR | 15:2. |
| What is the compression depth for infants? | 1.5 inches (4 cm). |
| Chest pain radiates where? | Left arm, jaw, neck, back. |
| Tearing back/abdomen pain + hypotension + pulsating mass? | Ruptured aortic aneurysm (hypovolemic shock). |
| Normal adult breathing? | 12–20/min, chest rises 1–2 in, regular, effortles |
| How do you treat hypovolemic shock as an EMT? | Stop bleeding if possible Oxygen as needed Position supine (unless trouble breathing) Rapid transport to hospital Monitor vitals |
| How do you treat cardiogenic shock as an EMT? | Oxygen as needed Position semi-sitting for comfort Monitor vitals closely Rapid transport CPR only if pulseless Avoid aggressive fluid bolus unless ordered by med control |
| How do you treat distributive shock as an EMT? | Oxygen as needed Rapid transport Identify & treat cause (allergic reaction → epinephrine if allowed, sepsis → rapid hospital care) Monitor vitals Keep patient warm |
| How do you treat obstructive shock as an EMT? | Oxygen as needed Rapid transport — definitive care required (hospital or physician) Monitor vitals Avoid giving fluids if fluid overload risk (depends on cause) Examples: PE, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade → hospital interventions needed |
| how to treat for shock | Oxygen as needed Keep them warm → blanket Position of comfort → usually supine; semi-sitting for cardiogenic if breathing trouble Monitor vitals Rapid transport |
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