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Prin of Agr Econ Mid
Animal Science Mid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Developed nations have less of their population economically involved in agriculture than do developing nations. | True |
| 2. People in developed nations consume more of their daily supply of protein and calories from animal products than do people from developing nations. | True |
| 3. Consumers from which country allocate the smallest share of their disposable income toward the purchase of food? | Canada |
| 4. What are the two scientifically based reasons that meat is an important food for humans? | Amino acids Vitamin B12 |
| 5. What was the single most important reason for increased food production in the 20th century? | Agricultural mechanization, especially the widespread use of tractors |
| 6. What approximately percentage of the world’s agricultural land is unsuitable for cultivation of crops and is therefore used to pasture or graze livestock? | 60% |
| 7. Which of the following is not a basic human need to which animals and animal products contribute? | Furniture |
| 8. What essential nutrient is poultry meat very high in? | Protein |
| 9. What is the primary poultry meat exported by the U.S.? | Broilers |
| 10. Special interest groups represent the broad spectrum of societal opinion. | False |
| 12. Application of physical, chemical, and engineering principles to biological systems. | Biotechnology |
| 13. A genetically engineered hormone, identical to naturally occurring sommatotropin produced by cattle, which can be injected into dairy cows once every 14 days to increase milk production 5 to 15 lb per day. | BST |
| 14. Consumers universally understand and support application of genetic principles to agriculture. | True |
| 15. To what important diseases of humans have the consumption of red meats, dairy products, and eggs been putatively linked? | Coronary heart disease and cancer |
| 16. Consumption of red meats, dairy products, and eggs is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. | True |
| 17. What are the major known risk factors for coronary heart disease? (List at least 3). | Smoking, obesity, and hypertension |
| 18. What is the most significant food safety concern according to food scientists? | Food-borne pathogens |
| 19. Which of the following is not a key preventing illness from food-borne microorganisms? | Using dirty utensils |
| 20. What are the main reasons why world cattle numbers have continued to increase during the last 30 years? | Greater demand for beef in developing nations and increased export demand. |
| 22. What country has the greatest number of cattle and the country with the greatest production of beef? | China, United States, |
| 23. Seedstock cow-calf producers primarily produce what two products? | Breeding cattle and semen |
| 24. The primary basis of stocker-yearling operations is to market | forage and roughage that is highly available and inexpensive. |
| 25. What country produces the most fluid milk? | United States |
| 26. Why did the numbers of horses, donkeys, and mules in the United States decline after World War I? | Because of the development and use of motor-powered vehicles |
| 27. Today, horses in the United States are used primarily for what purposes? | Pleasure, recreation, and entertainment |
| 28. What is the leading country in egg production? Poultry meat? | China, United States |
| 29. What is the leading country for number of goats? Goat meat production? | China, China |
| 30. What is the leading country for number of swine and production of pork? | China |
| 31. Which of the following IS NOT one of the segments of the swine industry? | Broiler |
| 32. List the five most numerous breeds of beef cattle in the U.S. | Angus, Beefmaster, Brahman, Brangus, and Charolais |
| 33. What were the three major breeds of beef cattle in the United States during the early 1900s? | Shorthorn, Angus, and Hereford |
| 34. What is the largest breed of beef cattle in the United States today according to breed registration numbers? | Angus |
| 35. Which trait of beef cattle has the greatest economic importance? | Reproductive performance |
| 36. To what segment of the beef industry is reproductive performance especially important? | Cow-calf producers |
| 37. What does weaning weight reflect? | Milking and mothering ability of cows, and preweaning growth rate of the calf |
| 38. What does postweaning growth measure? | Growth from weaning to slaughter |
| 39. What does longevity measure? | Length of productive life in the breeding herd. |
| 40. Breeding values of beef cattle are most frequently reported as what? | Expected progeny differences |
| 41. What does dressing percentage represent? | The yield of carcass weight from live weight |
| 42. What is the “rule of thumb” or approximate dressing percentages of lamb, beef, and Hogs, respectively? | 50, 60, 70 |
| 44. What are the four major physical components of meat? | Actomyosin, actin, myosin |
| 45. are components of muscle fibers and are comprised of two types of myofilaments, myosin and actin. | Actomyosin |
| 46. What is the amount of essential nutrients to the number of calories in food referred to? | Nutrient density |
| 47. Meat is nutrient dense, meaning that it provides a large proportion of certain nutrients such as essential amino acids, B-vitamins, and iron. | True |
| 49. Comes from animal with split hooves, that chew their cud, and that have been slaughtered in a manner prescrib3ed by Halakha (Orthodox Jewish law). | Kosher meat |
| 50. What is the term used to describe all of the milk components exclusive of water and milk fat? | Solids nonfat |
| 51. The solids nonfat component of milk consists of which three constituents? | Protein, lactose, and minerals |
| 52. What is the first milk produced by a female after giving birth called? | Colostrum |
| 53. Milk is a rich source of which mineral required in the diets of humans? | Calcium |
| 54. A physical manufacturing process that creates a stable emulsion of milk fat and keeps the fluid portion of milk from separating from the fat component | Homogenization |
| 55. What is the process used to destroy all pathogens in milk during milk processing? | Pasteurization |
| 56. Which of the following is not one of the three criteria used to assess profitability in commercial cow-calf operations? | Cost of bulls |
| 58. What is the typical cow-to-bull ratio for pasture breeding? | 30:1 |
| 59. Growth stimulants given to nursing calves will increase weaning weights by 5-15%. | True |
| 60. Creep feeding can increase weaning weights and is always economical. | False |
| 61. What is the most valuable by-product obtained from the slaughter of livestock? | Hides from cattle |
| 62. What important consumer product are hides used to produce? | Leather |
| 63. What is the recycling of non-edible animal by-products and carcasses referred to as? | Rendering |
| 64. Edible products originating from organs and other parts other than the carcass. | Variety meats |
| 65. What livestock does lard come from? | Hogs |
| 66. Hides, fat, bones, and internal organs are the primary by-products, and with hides usually have the highest value. | True |
| 67. Hides, fats, and variety meats are the by-products that comprise most of the total value of U.S. livestock exports. | True |
| 68. Slaughter cattle are separated into market classes based upon what two characteristics? | Age and sex |
| 69. Quality grades for carcasses, which estimate eating quality of meat, are based on maturity and ______. | Marbling |
| 73. Which breed produces the greatest amount of milk per day? | Holstein |
| 74. Which breed of dairy cattle is most popular? | Holstein |
| 75. Efficiency of milk production per 100 pounds of body weight is about the same for the major breeds of dairy cattle. | True |
| 76. Most dairy cattle are registered. | False |
| 77. List three major reasons that many dairy cattle are culled? | Reproductive failure, low milk yield, and udder breakdown |
| 82. What structure on the ovary produces the ovum? | Follicle |
| 83. Where does fertilization take place? | Oviduct |
| 84. In what structure does the embryo and fetus develop during pregnancy in mammals? | Uterus |
| 86. There are two functions of the male gonads or testicles, one is to produce sperm, what is the other? | Produce testosterone |
| 87. Where are the spermatozoa produced within the testicles? | Seminiferous tubules |
| 88. What cells within the testicles produce testosterone? | Leydig or interstitial cells |
| 89. What are two functions of the epididymis? | Maturation and storage of spermatozoa |
| 91. What two hormones from the anterior pituitary gland are responsible for stimulating the gonads? | Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| 92. What is that period when the female is sexually receptive to the male called? | Estrus |
| 93. What hormone is responsible for the occurrence of estrus or heat? | Estrogen |
| 94. What hormone is responsible for the male sex drive or libido? | Testosterone |
| 95. What is the termination of pregnancy, resulting in birth, called? | Parturition |
| 96. What is the standard length of lactation period in dairy cattle in the United States? | 305 days |
| 97. A ration in which silages and roughages are mixed together and fed to dairy cattle is called a ? | Total mixed ration |
| 100. What is the most troublesome disease of dairy cattle? | Mastitas |
| 101. The deposition of semen into the female reproductive tract by artificial techniques rather than by natural mating. | Artificial insemination |
| 102. What is the PRIMARY advantage of artificial insemination? | It permits extensive use of genetically superior sires to maximize genetic improvement |
| 103. In relation to the time of ovulation, when should animals be inseminated? | As close to the time of ovulation as possible |
| 104. When does ovulation usually occur? | Toward the end of estrus or standing heat |
| 105. In relation to estrus, when should insemination occur? | Toward the end of estrus which will be close to the time of ovulation |
| 106. Controlling or manipulating the estrous cycle such that many females express estrus at approximately the same time. | Estrus synchronization |
| 107. The removal of an early stage embryo from the uterus of its own mother (donor) and transfer to the uterus of another female (recipient). | Embry transfer |
| 109. In an AI program, a bull can produce units of semen per ejaculate, with four ejaculates typically collected per week. | 200-400 |
| 110. A device used to collect semen from a male when he mounts in a normal manner to copulate. | Artificial vagina |
| 111. Which is more commonly used in the livestock industry today? | Artificial insemination |
| 112. Which of the following IS NOT one of the three most popular breeds of swine in the United States today? | Landrace |
| 113. Which of the following IS NOT one of the four measures of sow productivity? | Size of sow |
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