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Gen BIO l
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________. | 8 neutrons |
| Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? | archaean |
| How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis? | Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. |
| What is anything that takes up space and has a mass? | Matter |
| What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds? | Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms. |
| The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________. | technology |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of biological systems? | Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insights into the structure and organization of the living system. |
| A controlled experiment ________. | includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment |
| Which of the following is broken when water evaporates? | hydrogen bonds |
| Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization? | Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism |
| Plants convert ________. | sunlight to chemical energy. |
| An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________. | six |
| Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________. | an equal number of protons and electrons |
| Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps? | Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results |
| In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________. | are smaller |
| If an atom has a charge of +1, which of the following must be true? | It has one more proton than it does electrons. |
| Can the atomic mass of an element vary? | Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element. |
| Which of the following statements is true? | All forms of life employ the same genetic code |
| The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________. | the chemical versatility of carbon atoms |
| Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water? | A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond. |
| Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are ________. | nonpolar substances that repel water molecules |
| Which of the following is true of carbon? | It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds. |
| Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP? | adenosine |
| A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? | covalent |
| Rank, from low to high, the pH of blood, stomach acid, and urine. | stomach acid, urine, blood |
| Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)? | NaOH → Na+ + OH- |
| Hydrogen ions ________________ hydroxide ions in pure water. | are equal to |
| A(n) ________ is a substance that increases hydrogen ion concentrations of a solution. | acid |
| In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________. | polar covalent bonds |
| The element present in all organic molecules is ________. | carbon |
| Why is carbon so important in biology? | It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. |
| The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________. | its electron configuration |
| What is the energy of motion? | kinetic energy |
| Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________. | types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism |
| Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? | mRNA |
| Starch and cellulose ________. | are polymers of glucose |
| Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi? | chitin |
| One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________. | function in the synthesis of proteins |
| The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________. | nucleotide and nucleic acid |
| The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________. | the position of the carbonyl group |
| A tripeptide has ________. | three amino acids and two peptide bonds |
| Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? | Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. |
| What is the site of ribosomal RNA? | nuceolus |
| What is an extracellular structure that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells? | cell wall |
| Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? | mitochondrion |
| Saturated fats ________. | contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist of the same number of carbon atoms |
| Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________. | have a glycerol backbone |
| Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division? | standard light microscopy |
| Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system? | peroxisomes |
| Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________. | chloroplasts |
| Starch is composed of ________. | branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose |
| Where are ribosomes located? | cytosol and ER |
| Which of the following aspects of enzyme structure is best described by a clasping handshake analogy? | the specific manner in which an enzyme binds substrate |
| What would happen if you placed a plant cell in a hypertonic solution? | The plant cell would become plasmolyzed. |
| Which of the following is not a type passive transport? | endocytosis |
| What would happen if you placed a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution? | The blood cell would swell with water. |
| ________ is a regulatory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway. | Feedback inhibition |
| What binds to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate? | competitive inhibitors |
| Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme. | True |
| Which of the following statements about enzyme function is true? | Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers. |
| What is the name of the thermodynamic barrier that must be overcome before products are formed in a spontaneous reaction? | activation energy |
| What actually means "cell eating" | phagocytosis |
| Which of the following types of molecules are hydrophilic and therefore excluded from the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer? | peripheral membrane proteins |
| Which of the following terms most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? | catabolism (catabolic pathways) |
| Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways is true? | They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. |
| According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane ________. | is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins |
| Which of the following statements describes a central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism? | ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions. |
| A polysaccharide needs to cross the membrane. How will it get across? | vesicle |
| Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? | oxidative phosphorylation |
| Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? | glycolysis and fermentation |
| Which pathway of photosynthesis will allow plants to open their stomata at night? | CAM |
| Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy | C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. |
| What kinds of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis? | all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors |
| Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain? | the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle |
| Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? | NADH and FADH2 |
| When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes ________. | reduced |
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