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Period 1 (1200-1450)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Song dynasty | replaced tang, neo-confucian |
| Imperial Bureaucracy | officials carried out emperor's laws |
| Civil service exam | Score well= good job, Confucian, (ex of meritocracy) |
| Meritocracy | Earning position in gov |
| Champa rice | Expanded agriculture production, increased population, from Vietnam |
| Proto-industrialization | Handmade goods produced for markets, rural areas |
| Magnetic compass | used for maritime navigation |
| Financial imstruments | paper $, flying cash, coin replacements bc of increase in pop |
| Tributary system | Surrounding states respect Chinese supremacy by paying tribute in exchange for trade |
| Kowtow | Form of tribute, respect for Chinese emperor |
| Zheng He | Explorer of Ming, traveled IO to collect tribute+establish trade |
| Neo-Confucianism | syncretic philosophy (Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism) |
| Foot binding | During Song, signified social status (women unable to perform manual labor=wealthy enough to live without working) |
| Patriarchy | Men hold power over women, practiced in Confucianism |
| Mamluks | Turkic (Muslism) state in Egypt |
| Seljuk Turks | Empire across ME + Central Asia, defeated by Byz. |
| Sultan Vs. Caliph | Sultan- Islamic ruler who rules an area that’s not Islamic Caliph- successor to Prophet Muhammad, leading the global Muslim community |
| Crusades | Catholic church (Byz) wanted Jerusalem (ME) from Muslims (seljuk turks, mamluks), Muslims won |
| Mongols | Pastrolists from Central Asia, ended Abbasid+Seljuk Turks, barbarik, protected SR |
| Baghdad | Heart of Islamic golden age, controlled by Abbasid |
| Abbasid | Islamic caliphate led by Arabs+Persians, ruled during Islamic Golden Age |
| Shariah | Islamic legal system |
| 5 Pillars | Facilitated strong connection with Allah |
| Hijab | Symbol of religious devotion |
| Harem | Seperate living quarters for women in royal households |
| Sufis | Missionaries |
| House of Wisdom | House of Wisdom for Islam, founded by Abbasid |
| Cordaba | Islamic learning center |
| Al-Andalus | Muslim territory of Iberian Peninsula, diversity of Jews, Muslims, Christians |
| Buddhist Monasticism | Monks live in monasteries, Nuns lived in nunneries, monks go corrupt |
| Bhakti Movement | Devotion to single Hindu god, challenged Hindu caste system by being open to women and ppl of low status |
| Cahokia | City in N America on large mounds, economy based on corn |
| Mexica | Nomadic tribe in central America, built Tenochtitlan, became Aztec |
| Aztec | Mezo-american civ, polytheistic, had bureaucracy |
| Hernan Cortez | Spanish conquistador who conquered Aztecs |
| Tenochtitlan | Capitol of Aztec emp, aqueducts (irrigation), chinampas (artificial islands), pyramids |
| Incan Emp | Meso-american civ, split into provinces, animistic |
| Mit'a | Men performed work for gov as form of tribute |
| Quipu | Recorded info for trade |
| Waru Waru | Incan agricultural sys, raised planting beds separated by artificial canals |
| Carpa Nan | Roadway sys of Inca |
| Francisco Pizzaro | Spanish conquistador who invaded Incas |
| Hausa Kingdoms | 7 city-states of Nigerian Hausa Ethnic group, dominant trans-Saharan trade hubs |
| Trans-Saharan Trade Network | trade route connecting North Africa and the Mediterranean with West Africa |
| Mali | Wealthy due to monopoly on gold, Muslim |
| Great Zimbabwe | trading empire in southern Africa, had access to gold |
| IO Slave Trade | Slaves sent to Muslims states in ME, Africa, and India, occured before Atlantic slave trade |
| Griots | West African historians though singing |
| Fuedalism | Social sys in medieval Europe, nobility had land from Crown in exchange for military service, serfs lives on land for labor |
| Estates General | Centralized Bureaucracy in France under King Louis XVI, prevented corruption- Clergy, Nobility, Commoners(98% of pop), unfair=uncsucessful- led to revolution |
| Estates | Social heirarchy of Estates General- Clergy, Nobility, Commoners, unfair bc clergy and nobility outvoted commoners (higher status) by 98% of population was commoners |
| English Parlament | Evolved from a council of nobles, limited power of monarch |
| Hundred Years War | war between England and France for who would rule France, won by France |
| Kievan Rus | Slavic state, centered in Kiev (modern Ukraine), formed by Scandinavian Vikings, adopted Byz. Christianity |
| Christian monasticism | munks+nuns lived private lives, dominant in medieval Europe to expand christianity after fall of rome |
| Primogeniture | Inheritance system where oldest son gets wealth in feudal Europe |
| Anti-Semitism | Discrimination against Jews |
| Manorial System | Agricultural dependant economy in fuedal Europe, land=wealth |
| Serfs | Lived on land and worked for owner of land, born into serfdom |
| Agricultural Rev | New technology (plow, horse collar, 3 field sys)= more crops= more people |
| 3 Field System | Crops rotate through 3 of 4 fields in the manorial system for the fourth field to recover nutrients |
| Marco Polo | Italian explorer who traveled trough SR and wrote abt it (changed how Europeans viewed Asia) |
| Bourgeoisie | middle-class of merchants, artisans, and professionals in post-medieval Europe |
| Little Ice Age | Lowered temps in 1300's in in the North Atlantic and Europe, slowed crop production |
| Renaissance | "Rebirth" after Medieval Europe, Greek+Roman culture flourished |
| Kashgar | City in W China, center of trade, originally Buddhist but converted to Islam |
| Samarkland | Between SR + Mediteranian, diverse trading center |
| Bills of exchange | Documents stating a legally promised payment |
| Banking Houses | Conducted trade and money along SR |
| Caravanseri | Rest stops for travelers and animals on SR + Trans-Saharan |
| IO Basin | maritime trade network with port cities |
| Calicut | Port City in India where merchants traded |
| Spice Islands | Modern day Indonesia, exported nutmeg, cloves, cinnamon, etc |
| Dhow | Ship with lateen sail, increased trade on IO |
| Lateen sail | Triangle shaped sail invented by Chinese |
| Junks | Very large ships |
| Stern rudder | propeller on ships that allowed sailors to control large ships |
| Sultanate of Malacca | maritime trading empire in Southeast Asia, linking IO trade with the South China Sea |
| Swahili City-states | E Coast of Africa, prosperous trading hubs (gold, ivory, and slaves) |
| Gujarat | Western India state, commercial and manufacturing hub |
| Diasporic communities | People traveled away from homelands and spread culture to where they settled |
| Monsoon cycle | predictable, helped with travel |
| Genghis Khan | founder of Mongols |
| Khanate | subdivisions of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's death |
| Uyghur alphabet | script adopted by Genghis Khan |
| Bantu and Golden Horde | Bantu- grandson of Genghis who led Golden Horde- khanate of the Mongols that controle parts of Eastern Europe (conquered Russia) |
| Moscow | City-state in Russia, controlled by Mongols (Golden Horde) until Ivan the Great |
| Hulegu and IL Khanate | Hulegu- grandson of Genghis who led IL Khanate in Persia/Southwest Asia, conquered Abbasid |
| Kublai and Yuan Dynasty | Kublai- grandson of Genghis, founded Yuan Dynasty, first time all of China was controlled by foreign rulers, gave Mongols access to SR |
| Pax Mongolia | Peak of Mongols under rule of Genghis Khan |
| Black Death/Bubonic Plauge | Spread through Mongol conquest along SR |
| Cannon | GP weapon created by Mongols |
| Sahara Desert | trade barrier that became Trans-Saharan trade route |
| Oases | arid regions with underground water surfaces, enabling agriculture and human settlement |
| Somali Camel Saddle | cargo rather than riding, allowed camels to carry massive loads |
| Trans-Saharan Trade | connected West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean, Islam spread |
| Taghaza | Salt mine in Sahara |
| Timbuktu | commercial and intellectual hub in West Africa, facilitated trade |
| Sundiata | founder of the Mali Empire in West Africa |
| Mansa Musa | ruled Mali during Golden age, heavily promoted Islam, built mosques in Timbuktu |
| Songhai Kingdom | West African Islamic state, center of Islam and scholarship, hub for Trans-Saharan trade |
| Ibn Battuta | Moroccan scholar and traveler, documented journey through Dar-Al-Islam, spread knowledge of cultures |
| Bananas | Indonesia brought across IOTN to Sub-Saharan Africa, fueled pop growth |
| Sugar | Asian and Arab merchants brought to ME, foundation for plantation systems |
| Citrus crop | improving health in Europe and North Africa, spread on Mediteranian, cash crop |
| Overgrazing | Livestock over consuming vegetation=less farming= decreased pop |
| Deforestation | clearing of land, less farming= decreased pop |
Created by:
Mia Ierano