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Ethics
Ethics: Bus, Gov, & Soc MGMT 320
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did cyclers "dope" up in the Tour de France? Along with a famous Mariner's player? | Self-interest overwhelmed ethics. |
| Who's resume did we look at in class? Was it valid? What were some things he said throughout his career? | George Santos, and it was fabricated. He lied about business school attendance, his mom dying in 9/11, his grandparents being in the holocaust, claimed he was Jewish and later corrected his claim to "Jew-ish" |
| What crimes did George Santos commit? What sentence did he face? | Identity theft and financial crimes. he was sentenced to 7 years in prison, but Trump pardoned him after a month. |
| What are ethics? | -They are a conception of right and wrong conduct. -They differ from laws (which are formal, written rules or codes) -They are guides to moral behavior, coming from multiple sources |
| What are business ethics? | The application of general ethical ideas to business behavior; the application of existing rules to specific settings. |
| What are the two business ethic theories? | 1) The Theory of Amorality 2) The Theory of Moral Unity |
| What is the Theory of Amorality? | Business is a game, where special, lower ethics are permissible: "The Conventionist Ethic" (class example of high schooler drinking jell-o shots at a party) |
| What did Backpage.com do? | Allow prostitutes to post ads on their site? Related to amorality. |
| What is The Theory of Moral Unity? | It holds that businesses should be judged by the same moral/ethical considerations that apply throughout society. |
| What is Ethical Relativism? | The idea that there are no fixed, static ethical rules, but that ethics rules depend upon the time, place, and other circumstances... "When in Rome, do as the Romans," "What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas" |
| What was the controversy surrounding Nike's use of child labor an example of? | Ethical Relativism, where their behavior was acceptable in the host country but not in the home country. |
| Do the majority of MBAs think it is acceptable for a grocery store to raise its prices when there is no nearby competition? | Yes, 82%... only 24% of the public finds that acceptable. |
| What 5 reasons are there for businesses acting ethically? | 1) To enhance performance 2) To comply with legal requirements 3) To prevent or minimize harm 4) To meet demands of business stakeholders 5) To promote personal morality |
| What are the 6 stages of development (psychology) | 1) To avoid punishment 2) To satisfy self-centered needs 3) To conform to group interest 4) Legal restrictions are in the best interest of society 5) Legal restrictions balanced with individual rights are best 6) Being ethical for personal reasons |
| What are the three subsets of the stages of development? | 1) Pre-conventional 1-2 2) Conventional 3-4 3) Post conventional 5-6 |
| Why did Brian Jorgenson convicted of insider trading, speak in Tod's class? What was it about? | He did it to reduce his sentence and show that he regretted his decision. "Greed compromises ethics" |
| What is "I will manage my enterprise with loyalty and care, and will not advance my personal interests at the expense of my enterprise or society" | The (voluntary) MBA Oath, First Promise |
| What is culture? | "how we do things around here" |
| Different places have different norms for jaywalking. What is this an example of? | Cultural differences |
| When people answered that parking in handicap spots was both ethically wrong and that they didn't want to be fined (equally weighted), what happened when Tod offered a super power to park in handicap spots without fines? | Almost all of them would use the superpower. |
| Did culture have an effect on Diplomats being able to park wherever they wanted in New York? | Yes. Certain (corrupt country) diplomats were responsible for the majority of parking tickets, while others (non-corrupt countries) were not offenders |
| Does the average person think they are more ethical, less ethical, or equally ethical to the average person? | More ethical. |
| Why does Tod lie to his MGMT 200 students? What does he lie about? What kind of lie is it? | He tells them 2-3% of them will cheat, whereas the real number is ~15%. He does this because we take cues from those around us, so he makes them feel like an outlier; "shame on you." It is a 'Utilitarian Lie' |
| Under a duty-based ethical theory, when is it okay to lie? | Never. |
| What is the connection between the VW emissions scandal and the Wells Fargo account scandal? (reason for frauds) | A cultural norm, the cheating took place in a climate of lax ethical standards. "There was a tolerance for breaking the rules," -- Hans-Dieter Potsch, the chairman of VW's supervisory board. |
| What are five explanations for ethical problems occurring in business? | 1) cultural norms 2) competitive pressure 3) Conflicts of interest 4) Cross-cultural contradictions |
| When sub-contractors in developing economies hire children or violate economic rules to maintain their contracts with first-world countries, what is this an example of? | Competitive pressure. |
| Is it unethical forTod to buy stock in CCA (Corrections Corporation of America), if CCA operated in Washington state? | Yes! King county has laws against these type of things since it is a 'conflict of interest.' |
| What did Judge Mark Ciavarella do related to kickback payments? What was this an example of? | He (along with another judge) accepted millions in kickbacks from private detention centers to send kids; the kids were denied due process. It was a 'Conflict of Interest' |
| In 1994, bottles of Heineken beer displayed the flags of all World Cup participants, including Saudi Arabia. The Quran forbids the use of alcohol. What is this an example of? | 'Cross-cultural contradictions.' Muslims registered complaints. |
| What concept does breaking bad character Walter White demonstrate with his initial reasoning for cooking meth? | 'Rationalization'', where "the ends justify the means." |
| What is the difference between white collar crimes (like Ponzi schemes) and robberies? | Robberies are face to face and immediate, white collar crimes are the polar opposite. There is less immediacy. This makes it easier for offenders to rationalize their conduct. |
| What are some examples of businesses setting ethical tones? (Ethical management is more likely to lead employees to act ethically) | Uber's unwritten corporate culture is "don't ask permission; ask forgiveness." Facebook's early culture was "Move fast and break things." |
| What are the two models for ethical enforcement? | 1) Compliance-based programs that seek to avoid legal sanctions through detection and punishment. 2) Integrity-based programs that combine a concern for the law with an emphasis on personal integrity. |
| What are the 5 steps in "The UW" ethical test? | 1) Identify facts & ethical issue 2) Who and how will stakeholders be affected? How do things SUBJECTIVELY appear? 3) winners/losers? (utilitarian trade-offs) 4) apply models and moral principles 5) Recognize conflicts of interest & personal biases |
| What are the two classifications of ethical models? | 'Duty-based' (deontological) OR 'result-oriented' (consequentialist) |
| What is a duty-based (deontological) model? | Pre-existing rules guide you to determining what is ethical, like the religious Ten Commandments and the Golden Rule. The nature of the act determines if it is ethical. |
| What is a result-oriented (consequentialist) model? | Looking to the end results to determine whether conduct is ethical. Utilitarianism is a form of it, think of the trolley-problem... |
| What is a strategic default on a mortgage? | intentionally defaulting to save money when their houses are undervalued. |
| What did the chief executive of the Mortgage Bankers Association (John Courson) say on strategic defaults? What was the issue with this? | He shamed people for strategic defaults, asking about the example they were setting for their kids. Meanwhile, the MBA strategically defaulted on their OWN mortgage! |
| What is Immanuel Kant's 'Categorical Imperative'? | A person should not act unless he or she is willing to have the rule or conduct on which acts become universal law. (A combination of duty and consequentialism, looking forward to the future). "What if everyone were to do that?" |
| What are virtue ethics? What are the 7 most common of them? | Personal values: Honestly, Generosity/Charity, Humility/Modesty, Justice, Prudence, Courage, Trust |
| What is the definition of utilitarianism? Who created the idea? | The right thing to do is what gives the greatest number the greatest good. John Stuart Mill & Jeremy. Bentham |
| When Ford Pintos were dangerous and killing people beyond a normal amount in car crashes, Ford did not recall the cars because the cost of legal fees were less than the cost of lives. What was this an example of, and why was it concerning? | This was an example of a cost benefit analysis... They calculated the lives of 180 people vs the costs to fix the cars. Once it came out, people were very mad. |
| What model could justify violating basic human rights in the service of the greater good? | Utilitarianism. It is OUTCOME DETERMINATIVE (in contract to procedural justice, putting more weight in the process) |
| It is almost always impossible to know, ahead of time, what the actual consequences of a decision will be. This is a problem in mainly what model? | Utilitarianism. |
| What is the Rights Model? | It emphasizes indiividuals' rights to life, safety, free speech, freedom, property, and due process (to be treated fairly, by the government, which is closely related to the justice models). Anything that interferes with these rights is unethical. |
| What was an example discussed where rights directly clash against each other? | The example of a private religious baker refusing to sell a wedding cake to a same sex couple. (Right to religion vs. Right to freedom of speech/discrimination?) |
| What is the Justice Model? What are the three types of justice? | "Fairness." Procedural Justice, Distributive Justice, and Compensatory Justice. |
| What is Procedural Justice? | Duty-based-- not really concerned about the end result. It we follow the pre-existing rules and procedures, which are agreed to ahead of time, then the result is just (not flexible). |
| What is Distributive Justice? | A form of consequentialism because the results matter; it focuses on the end result, and whether it is "fair" |
| What's the issue with the Distributive Justice Model? | Defining what is fair is subjective. How should we have fairly distributed covid vaccines? Treating people "equally" may not always be equitable. |
| What is Trump's stance on DEI? What is the model reasoning? | Trump has been focused on ending DEI. He believes that the government treating people equally is more important than treating people equitably (fairness). |
| What is John Rawl's "veil of ignorance"? What's the reasoning behind it? | You can only make a fair decision concerning "distributive justice" if you have no stake in the outcome (or are blind to your own circumstances). if you have a stake, your bias will prevent you from being fair. |
| What is Compensatory justice? | It refers to the pre-set rules concerning how we compensate those who have been wronged in the past. |
| What is the Disclosure Rule Model? | To decide if something is ethical or not, imagine how you would feel about your action being published on the front page of a news paper. |
| What are the 5 steps in Moral Intensity Analysis? | 1) The magnitude of consequences. 2) Proximity. 3) Social Consensus (e.g. if a large majority agree it's wrong) 4) Probability that an action will lead to a result. 5) Immediacy (is it happening now?) |
| What is the site that publishes if doctors have received money from pharmaceutical companies an example of? | The Disclosure Rule. |
| What is a method of Root Cause analysis? | The "5 Whys" concept, each question prompting the next. For ex. Why famous NFL players were murdering people and killing themselves... eventually lead to excess concussions. |
| What football play did the NFL write out to reduce concussions? | Kickoff returns. |
Created by:
Suzilla