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Skeletal Anatomy
Chapter 9 - A & P Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epimysium | connective tissue that surrouds the whole muscle |
| perimysium | connective tissue that surrouds fascicle (budle of muscle fibers) |
| endomysium | connective tissue that surrouds individual muscle fibers |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers |
| what do connective tissue layers form to attach muscle to bone? | tendons or aponeuroses |
| what stimulates skeletal muscle contraction? | motor neurons |
| how many muscle fibers does 1 motor neuron control? | several muscle fibers |
| how are blood vessels arranged in skeletal muscle? | an artery, 1-2 veins, and capillaries run through connective tissue layers |
| how are skeletal muscle fibers formed? | fusion of myoblasts forming multinucleated cells |
| do muscle fibers increase after birth? | no, muscles grow by hypertrophy of fibers |
| why does skeletal muscle appear striated? | arrangement of myofibrils into bands |
| sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fiber |
| t tubules | inward folds of sarcolemma |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | smooth er that stores calcium |
| triad | 2 terminal cisternae and 1 t tubule |
| myofibrils | budles of protein filaments in muscle fibers |
| myofilaments | actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments |
| sarcomeres | basic functional untis of muscle contraction |
| sarcomere | smallest contracting unit of a muscle fiber |
| z disk | protein structure where actin attaches |
| i bands | light regions containing a z disk |
| a bands | dark regions where actin and myosin overlap |
| h zone | area in a band with only myosin |
| m line | middle of h zone holding myosin in place |
| what are actin myofilaments made of? | f actin strands made of g actin monomers |
| what is the role of tropomyosin? | covers actin active sites |
| troponin | protein that binds actin, tropomyosin, and calcium |
| what shape are myosin molecules? | golf club shaped |
| what do myosin heads do? | bind actin to form cross bridges |
| what enzyme activity do myosin heads have? | ATPase activity |
| neuromuscular junction | synapse between motor neuron and muscle fiber |
| presynaptic terminal | axon ending containing acetylcholine |
| synaptic cleft | space between neuron and muscle fiber |
| motor end plate | postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber |
| how do muscle contract at the filament level? | actin slides over myosin |
| do actin and myosin filaments change length during contraction? | no |
| what causes skeletal muscle contraction? | shortening of sarcomeres |
| what happens to sarcomeres during relaxation? | lengthen due to external forces |
| what happens to z disks during contraction? | move closer |
| what happens to the h zone during contraction? | it disappears |
| do a bands change length during contraction? | no |
| why can ions not easily cross plasma membrane? | phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic |
| what allows ions to cross the membrane? | transport proteins |
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