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Chapter 10
Terms and Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communication | the process of sharing information between individuals |
| Communicative functions | the various purposes for which we use communication |
| Communication disorder | impair the ability to transmit or receive ideas, facts, feelings, and desires. These disorders can affect language, speech, or both, and may involve difficulties with hearing, listening, reading, or writing |
| Language | a fundamental tool for human communication, involving both verbal and nonverbal methods |
| Expressive language | the ability to convey or send messages to others. This involves using words, sentences, gestures, or alternative communication methods to express thoughts, needs, and ideas |
| Receptive language | the ability to decode or understand messages in communication. This involves comprehending spoken words, sentences, gestures, and other forms of communication |
| Speech | the neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing the sounds of oral language |
| Augmentative and alternative communication | methods used to help individuals with severe disabilities communicate when they cannot rely on speech alone |
| Speech disorders | impairments in the production and use of oral language |
| Language disorders | difficulties in comprehension and expression of language |
| Phonology | the rules governing speech sounds—the particular sounds and how they are sequenced |
| Morphology | rules that govern alterations of the internal organization of words, such as adding suffixes and other grammatical inflections to make proper plurals |
| Syntax | rules of organizing sentences in a meaningful way |
| Semantics | rules about attaching meanings and concepts to words |
| pragmatics | rules about using language for social purposes |
| Speech-language pathologists | professionals who specialize in diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders |
| Dialects | systematic variations of a language that are rule-governed and shared by people in a specific region, social group, or cultural/ethnic group |
| Receptive language | the ability to decode or understand messages in communication |
| Expressive language | the ability to convey or express thoughts, feelings, and ideas through speech, writing, gestures, or other forms of communication |
| Primary language disorder | language impairments with no identifiable cause |
| Secondary language disorder | language impairments that are attributable to another condition or disability |
| Specific language impairment | a neurodevelopmental language disorder with no identifiable cause |
| Developmental language disorder | a neurodevelopmental language disorder with no identifiable cause-unexpected and unexplained by physical or cognitive factors |
| Early expressive language delay | condition where a child shows a significant lag in the development of expressive language by the age of 2 |
| Language-based reading impairment | reading difficulties that stem from underlying language disorders |
| Phonological disorders | occur in children younger than 9 years of age and involve difficulties in understanding the sound system of their language |
| Phonological awareness | occur in children younger than 9 years of age and involve difficulties in understanding the sound system of their language |
| Larynx | a crucial structure in the respiratory and vocal systems--- voice box |
| aphonia | complete loss of voice |
| Resonance | the quality of the voice that is influenced by the vibration of air in the vocal tract |
| Cleft palate | a physical abnormality of the oral cavity that can significantly impact speech and voice quality |
| Dysfluencies | interruptions in the flow of normal speech |
| Stuttering | a type of fluency disorder characterized by frequent and intense interruptions in the flow of speech |
| Dysarthria | a motor-speech disorder that occurs when there is damage to the areas of the brain that control the muscles involved in speech |
| Apraxia | a motor-speech disorder characterized by difficulties in planning and programming the movements needed for speech |
| Developmental apraxia | a disorder of motor planning that affects a child's ability to produce speech sounds and organize them into words for effective communication |
| Acquired apraxia | a motor speech disorder that occurs due to brain damage, such as from a stroke or other neurological injury, after an individual has already learned to speak |
| decoding | ability to transfer the written words into speech |
| Dynamic assessments | a method used to evaluate and monitor a student's progress in language development and other areas |
| Curriculum-based language and communication assessment | a method used to monitor students' progress in speech, language, and communication skills necessary for learning the school curriculum |
| Prelinguistic communication | ways infants and toddlers communicate before they develop the ability to use spoken language |
| Milieu teaching | a naturalistic, evidence-based strategy used to teach functional language skills in the natural environment of the child |
Created by:
giselleusc