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week 3
chapter 17-19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 80.Normal resting expiration is primarily | Passive due to elastic recoil and surface tension |
| 79.A clinician explains that lipids have more energy per gram than carbohydrates. Which value supports this? | 9.5 calories/gram for lipids |
| 78.A clinician explains that secretin release will increase bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice primarily to: | Neutralize acidic chyme entering the duodenum |
| 77.A lacteal in a villus is a | Lymphatic capillary that absorbs large fats |
| 76.Peripheral chemoreceptors typically produce a major response when blood o2 decreases to about: | 90% |
| 75.A bomb calorimeter measures | The caloric content (potential energy) of food |
| 74.Bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice primarily | Neutralize acidic chyme by making the juice alkaline |
| 73.A dietary guideline mentioned advises that fat should not exceed about | 10% of total daily calories |
| 72.Age related changes can decrease gas exchange because | Alveolar walls thin and alveoli merge |
| 71.Organs of the upper respiratory tract include all of the following except | Trachea |
| 70.A person has a tidal volume of 500 ml, physiologic dead space of 150ml, and respiratory rate of 12/min. What is the alveolar ventilation | 4200ml/min |
| 69.Most of the alveolar consist of | Type l cells |
| 68.A typical life span change in the digestive system is that tooth enamel | Thins and teeth may become sensitive |
| 67.A nutrient deficiency severe enough to cause the body to consume structural molecules can ultimately lead to | death |
| 66.Bile flows from ductules to hepatic ducts and then to the | common hepatic duct |
| 65.Air movements other than breathing are called | Non respiratory movements |
| 64.One hemoglobin molecule can bind up to | 4 o2 molecules |
| 63.aging may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections partly because | Macrophages lose efficiency and mucus thickens |
| 62.Bicarbonate ions in saliva helps by | Keeping PH favorable and protecting teeth from acidic foods |
| 61.A stool sample shows strong unpleasant odor. which best explains it? | Bacterial compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, indole, and ammonia |
| 60.Parietal pleura are | The outer layer lining the thoracic cavity |
| 59.A patient develops diarrhea after a strong peristaltic rush due to intestinal irritation. The rush most directly occurs in the | small intestine |
| 58.A patient has been fasting and needs glucose. The pathway that breaks down glycogen to release glucose is | Glycogenolysis |
| 57.Partial pressure is best defined as | the pressure each gas contributes to the total pressure in a mixture |
| 56.A patient reports taking large doses of a vitamin and developing toxicity. Which vitamin class is most associated with overdose risk | Fat-soluble vitamins |
| 55.Oxygen bonds to hemoglobin forms | Oxyhemoglobin |
| 54.Bile salts aid fat digestion primarily by | Emulsifying fats to increase surface area for lipase |
| 53.A fecal occult blood test is primarily used in screening for | Colorectal cancer |
| 52.Anccessory digestive organs are defined as organs that | Empty secretions into the alimentary canal |
| 51.A small fraction of oxygen (about 1-2%) is transported | Dissolved in plasma |
| 50.A function of the paranasal sinuses is to | Resonate the voice |
| 49.A diet provides adequate calories but a bile salt deficiency causes fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. This is best classified as | secondary malnutrition |
| 48.A person has a tidal volume of 500mL and a respirations rate of 12/min. What is the minute ventilation (MV)? | 6000 mL/min |
| 47.Most oxygen (about 98-99%) is transported in blood by | Binding to hemoglobin in RBCs |
| 46.A clinician explains that Ca and P are major contributors to the body mineral content. Together they account for nearly | 75% of mineral elements by weight |
| 45.Nasal conchae are also known as | Turbinate bones |
| 44.A healthy human can survive without food for approximately | 50-70 days |
| 43.A patient on a very low carbohydrate diet still must supply glucose for glucose dependent cell. Which pathway makes glucose | Gluconeogenesis |
| 42.A patient presents with edema related to low plasma oncotic pressure from inadequate protein intake. This condition is best explained | Decreased plasma proteins from protein deficiency |
| 41.Amino acids are absorbed into | Blood vessels of villi by active transport |
| 40.After delivering O2 to tissues, venous blood still has hemoglobin about | 75% saturated |
| 39.A person has a tidal volume of 450mL, and a respiratory rate of 16/min. What is the minute ventilation (MV)? | 7200 mL/min |
| 38.Organs of the lower respiratory tract include the | Bronchial tree |
| 37.A patient complains of frequent constipation. Which large intestine role is most relevant? | Water absorption and feces formation/storage |
| 36.A factor that can influence BMR includes | Thyroid hormone activity |
| 35.A patient has pale feces, dark urine, and jaundice. Which organ is most directly involved | Liver/Bile system |
| 34.A patient has impaired mucociliary clearance due to cilia paralysis. This would most directly increase risk of | Respiratory infection |
| 33.Olfactory receptors are located primarily in the | upper portion of the nasal cavity |
| 32.A person have a tidal volume of 600mL and a respiratory rate of 10/min. What is the minute ventilation (MV) | 6000 mL |
| 31.A person have a tidal volume of 450mL, physiologic dead space of 150mL, and a respiratory rate of 16/min. What is the alveolar ventilation rate | 4800mL/min |
| 30.A patient has elevated LDL levels. In this context LDL is described as being high in | Cholesterol |
| 29.A major function of the large intestine is to | absorb water and electrolytes and form feces |
| 28.Alveolar dead space refers to | Air that reaches nonfunctional alveoli with poor blood flow |
| 27.A patient's arterial PCO2 rises. The expected ventilatory response is | increased ventilation to lower PCO2 |
| 26.As chyme enters the duodenum, the enterogastric reflex | Slows stomach emptying |
| 25.Respiratory cycle consists of | one inspiration followed by one expiration |
| 24.A patient with chronic liver inflammation caused by a virus has | Hepatitis |
| 23.Age related changes may reduce bronchiole dilation because | connective tissue replaces muscle in bronchioles |
| 22.Pneumonia impairs gas exchange mainly because | Alveoli swell and fill with fluid and WBCs, decreasing surface area |
| 21.A patient consumes excess calories over time. Which outcome best reflects positive energy balance | weight gain due to storage of excess nutrients |
| 20.A key structural feature of saturated fatty acids is that they have | No double bonds between carbon atoms |
| 19.Minute ventilation (MV) is calculated as | TV x Respiratory rate (RR) |
| 18.Normal resting inspiration uses primarily the | Diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles |
| 17. Bile enters the duodenum at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, regulated by the | Hepatopancreatic sphincter |
| 16.Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in | Carotid and aortic bodies |
| 15.A patient has decreased surfactant production. What is the most likely immediate consequence | Increased surface tension leading to alveolar collapse (atelectasis) |
| 14.Paranasal sinuses are air filled spaces in the | maxillary, scapula, humerus, femur |
| 13.A clinician describes BMR. Which condition best matches basal conditions | awake and resting after an overnight fast in a comfortable environment |
| 12.A patient have a high HDL levels. HDL is described as | protein |
| 11.Major function of the respiratory system is regulation of | Blood PH |
| 10.A patient with asthma experience wheezing primarily due to | Broncho constriction |
| 9.A Patient with vitamin B12 malabsorption due to lack of intrinsic factor likely has impaired function of which stomach cell | parietal cell |
| 8.A patient reports right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back and shoulder with nausea this pattern is most constent with | Gallbladder disease (possible gall stone) |
| 7.A patient advised that cooking can induce intake of curtain vitamins. which vitamins are most likely to be destroyed by cooking process | water soluble vitamins |
| 6.A patient feels very hungry after fasting. which hormone secreted by the stomach enhances appetite | Ghrelin |
| 5.Peripheal chemoreceptors mainly sense changes in blood | O2 |
| 4.A patient eat a high carbohydrate meal and excess glucose is stored 1st. The storage formed produce in liver and muscle | Glycogen |
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