Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
genetic unit vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing of traits or physical characteristics from parents to their offspring. |
| Trait | A specific, observable, or measurable characteristic or quality of an organism, such as hair color or eye color. |
| Genetics | The scientific study of heredity and the variations in living organisms, focusing on how traits are passed down. |
| Fertilization | The process in which male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to create a new, unique organism. |
| Purebred | An organism that is the offspring of genetically similar parents, often produced through inbreeding to ensure consistent traits (homozygous). |
| Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information, typically a segment of DNA that determines a particular trait. |
| Allele | One of the different versions or forms of a gene, occupying a specific position on a chromosome. |
| Dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when it is present, masking the effect of a recessive allele. |
| Recessive allele | An allele that is only expressed when an organism inherits two copies of it (one from each parent); it is masked by a dominant allele. |
| Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (heterozygous |
| Punnett square | A diagram used by geneticists to calculate the probabilities of potential genotypes in offspring. |
| Phenotype | The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. |
| Genotype | The specific set of alleles (genetic makeup) for a given organism. |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a specific trait |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a specific trait |
| Incomplete dominance | A form of inheritance where one allele is not completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blended or intermediate phenotype |
| Codominanc | A condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally and simultaneously in the phenotype |
| Multiple alleles | A gene that has more than two possible alleles (e.g., blood type, which has A, B, and O). |
| Polygenic inheritance | A trait controlled by more than one gene, often resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes |
| Messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell. |
| Transfer RNA | Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. |
| Mutation | A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, which can lead to new traits or variations. |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism (in humans, X and Y). |
| Sex-linked gene | A gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), causing different inheritance patterns in males and females. |
| Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not show the symptoms, yet can pass it on. |
| Genetic disorde | A disease or condition caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA, such as a mutation or incorrect number of chromosomes. |
| Pedigree | A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs to check for abnormalities. |
| Selective breedin | The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to serve as parents for the next generation. |
| Inbreeding | The mating of closely related individuals, often used to maintain specific traits in a population. |
| Hybridization | The crossing of two different, but related, species or varieties to produce an offspring with characteristics of both. |
| Clone | n organism that is genetically identical to its parent |
| Genetic engineering | The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material |
| Gene therepy | A technique that modifies a person’s genes to treat or prevent disease. |
| Genome | The full set of genetic material (all DNA) present in a cell or organism. |
| Ethics | The study of moral principles, particularly regarding the use of technology in genetics. |
| Meiosis | A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half to produce four gamete cells (sperm or egg). |
| Crossing Over | The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, contributing to genetic variation. |
| Zygote | The fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg) and a male gamete (sperm). |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells (sperm or egg) that carry half the genetic material of the parent organism (haploid). |
| Protein Synthesis | The process by which cells build proteins, using information coded in DNA. |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (non-sex-linked chromosomes). |
Created by:
user-2020446