Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Genetics Unit Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | In science, heredity (also called biological inheritance) is the biological process by which parents pass on physical or behavioral traits and genetic information to their offspring |
| Trait | In science, a trait is a specific, observable characteristic of an individual organism. |
| Genetics | Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. |
| Fertilization | In science, fertilization is the biological process where a male gamete (sperm or pollen) unites with a female gamete (ovum or egg) to form a single cell called a zygote. |
| Purebred | In science, specifically genetics, a purebred organism is one that is homozygous for a particular trait, meaning it has inherited identical alleles (versions of a gene) from both parents. |
| Gene | Genes act as biological instructions for the cell. Their most common role is to provide the genetic code for the synthesis of proteins, which perform nearly all tasks required for the body to function, from building muscle to regulating heartbeats |
| Allele | An allele is a specific version or variant of a gene. While a gene determines a general characteristic (like hair texture), alleles determine the specific expression of that trait (like curly vs. straight). |
| Dominant allele | In genetics, a dominant allele is a version of a gene that expresses its specific trait even when only one copy is present. It "masks" or overrides the effect of a different version of the same gene, known as the recessive allele. |
| Recessive allele | In genetics, a recessive allele is a version of a gene that is only expressed physically if an organism has two copies of it—one from each parent |
| Hybrid | In science, the term hybrid has distinct definitions depending on the field of study, though it generally refers to something formed by combining two different elements. |
| Punnett square | A Punnett square is a graphical tool used by scientists to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals. |
| Phenotype | In science, a phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. It is the physical expression of an organism's genetic code (genotype) interacting with its environment. |
| Genotype | In science, a genotype is the unique genetic makeup of an individual organism. It refers to the specific set of genes and alleles inherited from its parents that serve as the internal "blueprint" for its traits. |
| Homozygous | In science, homozygous describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a specific gene. This means the individual inherited the exact same version of a gene from both their biological mother and father |
| Heterozygous | In science, heterozygous refers to an organism that has two different alleles for a specific gene. This happens when an individual inherits one version of a gene from one parent and a different version from the other [1, 2]. |
| Incomplete dominance | Incomplete dominance is a genetic phenomenon where neither allele is completely dominant over the other. Instead of one trait masking the other, the two alleles "blend" to create a third, intermediate phenotype in heterozygous individuals. |
| Codominance | In science, codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles for a gene are expressed equally and distinctly in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual. |
| Multiple alleles | In science, multiple alleles refers to a type of inheritance where a single gene has three or more possible versions (alleles) within a population. |
| Polygenic inheritance | In science, polygenic inheritance is a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance where a single trait is controlled by the collective and additive effects of multiple genes (typically two or more) located at different loci on various chromosomes |
| Messenger RNA | Messenger RNA |
| Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small, L-shaped RNA molecule that serves as the physical link between the genetic code in mRNA and the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
| Mutation | In science, a mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can result from errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens (like UV radiation or chemicals), or viral infections. |
| Sex chromosomes | In science, sex chromosomes are a specific pair of chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an organism and carry genes for sexual development. |
| Sex-linked gene | In science, a sex-linked gene is a gene located on either of the sex chromosomes (the X or Y chromosomes). |
| Carrier | n genetics, a carrier is an individual who has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease |
| Genetic disorder | |
| Pedigree | |
| Karyotype | |
| Selective breeding | |
| Inbreeding | |
| Hybridization | |
| Clone | |
| Genetic engineering | |
| Gene therepy | |
| Genome | |
| Ethics | |
| Meiosis | |
| Crossing Over | |
| Zygote | |
| Gametes | |
| Protein Synthesis | |
| Autosomal Chromosomes |
Created by:
kj ulisse