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Genetics Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Sex chromosomes Chromosomes that determine biological sex.
Trait A specific characteristic of an organism.
Sex-linked gene A gene located on a sex chromosome.
Genetics The scientific study of heredity.
Carrier An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not show it.
Fertilization The joining of an egg and a sperm cell.
Genetic disorder An abnormal condition inherited through genes or chromosomes.
Purebred An offspring that has many generations of the same trait.
Pedigree A chart tracking a specific trait through a family tree.
Gene A DNA segment that codes for a specific protein or trait.
Karyotype A visual map of all the chromosomes in a cell.
Allele A different form or version of a gene.
Selective breeding Selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents.
Dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up when present.
Inbreeding Crossing two individuals with similar sets of alleles.
Recessive allele An allele that is hidden when a dominant allele is present.
Hybridization Crossing two genetically different individuals.
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
Clone An organism that is genetically identical to its parent.
Punnett square A chart showing all possible allele combinations from a genetic cross.
Genetic engineering Directly changing an organism's DNA to produce desired traits.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance or visible traits.
Gene therapy Inserting working gene copies into cells to correct genetic disorders.
Genotype An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations.
Genome The complete set of genetic material in an organism.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
Ethics The study of what is right and wrong in genetic practices.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
Meiosis Cell division that produces reproductive cells with half the chromosomes.
Incomplete Dominance A pattern where one allele is not completely dominant, causing a blend.
Crossing Over The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes during meiosis.
Codominance A pattern where both alleles for a gene are expressed equally.
Zygote A fertilized egg cell.
Multiple alleles Three or more possible alleles of a gene that determine a trait.
Gametes Reproductive cells (sperm and egg).
Polygenic inheritance When multiple genes work together to control a single trait.
Protein Synthesis The process by which cells make proteins.
Messenger RNA RNA that copies the genetic message from DNA.
Autosomal Chromosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Transfer RNA RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome.
Mutation Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
Created by: user-2020372
 

 



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