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Genetic Units
Science :)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | Heredity: The passing of physical or mental characteristics (traits) from parents to offspring. |
| Sex chromosomes | Sex chromosomes: The pair of chromosomes that determine if an organism is male (XY) or female (XX). |
| Trait | Trait: A specific characteristic or feature of an organism, such as eye color or height |
| Sex-linked gene | Sex-linked gene: A gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X), which means the trait is inherited differently depending on sex. |
| Genetics | Genetics: The scientific study of heredity and how traits are passed down. |
| Carrier | Carrier: A person who has one recessive gene for a disease but does not show symptoms, yet can pass it on. |
| Genetic disorder | Genetic disorder: A health problem caused by a defect or mutation in a person's DNA. |
| Purebred | Purebred: An organism that always produces offspring with the same traits, having two identical genes for a trait (homozygous). |
| Pedigree | Pedigree: A diagram or family tree that tracks the inheritance of a specific trait over several generations. |
| Karyotype | Karyotype: A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs to check for abnormalities. |
| Allele | Allele: A different form or version of a gene (e.g., blue eye allele vs. brown eye allele). |
| Selective breeding | Selective breeding: The process of humans breeding plants or animals to choose specific desirable traits. |
| Dominant allele | Dominant allele: A version of a gene that shows its trait even if only one copy is present (masks recessive). |
| Inbreeding | Inbreeding: The mating of closely related individuals, which increases the chance of inheriting similar genes. |
| Recessive allele | Recessive allele: A version of a gene that only shows its trait if two copies are present (hidden by dominant). |
| Hybridization | Hybridization: The crossing of two different types of plants or animals to create a mix of traits. |
| Hybrid | Hybrid: The offspring produced by breeding two different varieties (heterozygous) |
| Clone | Clone: An organism that is genetically identical to its parent. |
| Punnett square | Punnett square: A grid diagram used to predict the possible genetic outcomes (traits) of offspring. |
| Genetic engineering | Genetic engineering: Directly manipulating an organism’s genes using technology to change its traits. |
| Phenotype | Phenotype: The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism. |
| Gene therepy | Gene therapy: An experimental technique that fixes or replaces faulty genes to treat disease. |
| Genotype | Genotype: The specific combination of alleles (genetic code) an organism has. |
| Genome | Genome: The complete set of genetic material (all DNA) in an organism. |
| Homozygous | Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa). |
| Ethics | Ethics: The branch of knowledge dealing with moral principles, particularly regarding the use of genetics. |
| Heterozygous | Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa). |
| Meiosis | Meiosis: The cell division process that creates sex cells (sperm/eggs) with half the number of chromosomes. |
| Incomplete dominance | Incomplete dominance: A situation where neither allele is fully dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype (e.g., red+white=pink). |
| Crossing Over | Crossing Over: The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes during meiosis, creating variation. |
| Codominance | Codominance: A situation where both alleles are expressed equally and at the same time (e.g., red+white=spots). |
| Zygote | Zygote: The cell formed by the union of two gametes (a fertilized egg) |
| Multiple alleles | Multiple alleles: A gene that has more than two possible allele options (e.g., blood types A, B, O). |
| Gametes | Gametes: Reproductive cells (sperm or egg) that carry only one set of chromosomes. |
| Polygenic inheritance | Polygenic inheritance: A trait controlled by two or more genes, leading to a range of options (e.g., skin color). |
| Protein Synthesis | Protein Synthesis: The process cells use to create proteins based on instructions from DNA. |
| Messenger RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA): A molecule that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the rest of the cell. |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | Autosomal Chromosomes: All chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes (humans have 22 pairs). |
| Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA (tRNA): A molecule that helps decode mRNA and brings the correct amino acids to build proteins. |
| Mutation | Mutation: A permanent, random change in the DNA sequence. |
| Fertilization | Fertilization: The process where a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) join to create a new cell. |
| Gene | Gene: A small section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for a specific trait. |
Created by:
KingNugz