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Unit 2 3.1 set 16

3.1 unit 2 theories linked to case studies

QuestionAnswer
Who founded somatotypes theory? William Sheldon.
Who founded the idea of the atavistic form? Cesare Lombroso.
Who developed the concepts of the Id, Ego and Superego? Sigmund Freud.
Who created the maternal deprivation hypothesis? John Bowlby.
What was the issue with the Ford Pinto? The fuel tank could explode in rear-end collisions due to a design flaw.
Why didn’t Ford fix the Pinto defect? A cost–benefit analysis showed it was cheaper to pay compensation than redesign the car.
What is strain theory? Merton’s theory that people turn to crime when they can’t achieve society’s goals through legitimate means.
How does strain theory apply to the Ford Pinto case? Ford used “innovation”—an illegitimate means—to achieve the cultural goal of profit by paying compensation rather than fixing cars.
What does rational choice theory (Right Realism) argue? Offenders weigh up risks and rewards before committing crime.
How does Right Realism link to the Ford Pinto case? Ford judged that not fixing the defect was rational because it maximised profit.
What is labelling theory? The idea that people become deviant because of labels attached to them by society.
What did Enron do to appear more successful than it was? Hid debts and losses through accounting tricks.
How did Enron hide its financial problems? By creating hundreds of fake “special” companies to shift debts off their main accounts.
What did executives do while the company was failing? Sold their own stock for millions while encouraging others to keep investing.
What happened when the truth came out? The company collapsed, share prices crashed, and Enron went bankrupt.
What were the consequences of the Enron scandal? Thousands lost jobs and savings, executives were prosecuted, and new laws like Sarbanes–Oxley were introduced.
Created by: Cabezablanca
 

 



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